1. The Cold War
Lecture 1
Standard

2. Standard
Compare the economic and military power shifts caused by the war, including the Yalta Pact, the development of nuclear weapons, Soviet control over Eastern European nations, and the economic recoveries of Germany and Japan.
Essential Question: What was the conflict at the root of the Cold War?

3. The Rise of the Superpowers
WWII left only two countries with the military strength & resources to be called superpowers…
USA & USSR(Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)
Before WW2 there were a number of countries which could have claimed to be superpowers – USA, USSR,GB, France, Japan, Germany.

4. Why the Allies Split Democracy (Capitalist) Communism
United States
Soviet Union
Democracy (Capitalist)
Communism
Unify Germany
Keep Germany Divided
Common enemy (Germany) defeated

5. 1945 Yalta Conference Divided Germany into 4 zones
Free elections in Eastern Europe
Stalin ignored this & made eastern satellite (puppet) nations
protection from western invasion
Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechs, Romania, Poland, & Yugoslavia

6. Iron Curtain –
Winston Churchill:
separation of Communist countries of Eastern Europe from the Capitalist countries of Western Europe

7. Policy of Containment Stop the spread of communism
The Truman Doctrine 1947
US was prepared to intervene throughout the world to protect democracy against communism…
Lending equipment, advice, & military force
Signalled the end of “isolationism”

8. THE MARSHALL PLAN 1948
Aided European nations w/ 12.5 billion in order to rebuild the economy and combat the spread of communism
Stalin hated Marshall Aid!!
Eastern European countries couldn't touch any of this $$$
West Berlin/Greece/Turkey/China/ Korea/Vietnam
17 billion dollars
Goods made by American firms

10. Rival Alliances
1949-(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) NATO: defensive military alliance to combat (fight) communism
1955- Warsaw Pact: (Stalin’s Pact) protect/control communist countries of eastern Europe
1955-(Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) SEATO: stabilize aggression in Korea & Indochina (fight off communism)
Warsaw Pact~ 8 countries
NATO:US & 16 other countries)

11. Democracy vs. Communism
“One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions…free elections…and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression…fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms.”
Harry S. Truman
Speech to Congress 1947.

12. Lecture 1 Quiz
Name two reasons why the U.S and the U.S.S.R went their separate ways?
How did Stalin ignore the Yalta Conference? Name 3 satellite countries.
In your own words-what is the Iron Curtain?
The Truman Doctrine?
What countries did not benefit from the Marshall Plan?
What is the purpose of NATO & SEATO?