1. The Rise of Dicators in Europe

3. The Rise of Dictators
Widespread economic hardships caused by Great Depression contributed to the rise of dictators in Europe
People gave power to strong leaders who promised to solve nations problems
Totalitarian dictatorships replaced gov’ts that could not meet their peoples needs

4. Fascism Fascist leaders emerged in the 1920’s-30’s : Spain Germany
Italy

5. Fascism
A political movement that seeks to establish a dictatorial government that is nationalistic and imperialistic
Promoted extreme form of nationalism
A denial of individual rights
The needs of the state outweigh the needs of the individual
Dictatorial one party rule
were anti-communist

7. Italy After WWI
Italy was disappointed by the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles
Had hoped to gain territory

8. Italy After WWI
Economic problems after WWI contributed to social unrest
High inflation
High unemployment
Trade decreased
High taxes
Workers strikes led by communists
Many Italians believed democratic government couldn’t solve problems

9. Italy After WWI Benito Mussolini formed the Fascist Party in 1919
Had the support of many war veterans and dissatisfied Italians

10. Rise of Fascism in Italy
Mussolini promised to strengthen Italy and solve economic problems
Would end unemployment
Gain more territory for Italy
Would outlaw strikes and communist threats

11. Rise of Fascism in Italy
Mussolini and the Fascists gained power in Italy in 1922
Fascist “Black Shirts” used terror and violence to intimidate opposition
Mussolini was known as Il Duce (the leader)

12. Italy Under Mussolini Mussolini consolidated control of Italy
Ended free elections
Restricted free speech and free press
Killed or jailed political opponents
Controlled economy by allying with industrialists and large landowners

13. Italy Under Mussolini
Widespread Use of indoctrination and control of education
Convinced people to put goals of state before individual rights

14. Italian Expansion Mussolini began an aggressive foreign policy
Invaded Ethiopia in 1935

15. Points for Discussion What is Fascism?
What conditions led many people in Italy to support Mussolini and the Fascist Party?
How did Mussolini consolidate his control over Italy?

16. 3/3 Focus: Important Terms: Do Now:
Many Germans blamed the Weimer Republic, the new democratic government created in Germany after WWI, for Germany’s defeat in WWI and post war humiliation caused by the Treaty of Versailles .
Important Terms:
Inflation
Do Now:
How did did Mussolini gain power in Italy?

17. censorship & gov’t control of news
Strong military
Extreme nationalism
Fascism
Use of fear and violence
State control of economy
Blind loyalty to a leader
Secret police
Rule by dictator

18. Germany After WWI
Many Germans felt that the Treaty of Versailles was unfair and humiliated Germany
German territory taken to create new countries
Forced to pay war reparations
Limited the size of Germany’s military
Took away German colonies

20. Germany After WWI Kaiser Wilhelm stepped down from power in 1919.
Germany was in chaos
Germans created a new democratic government
Known as the Weimar Republic
Germany did not have a tradition of democratic government

21. Weimar Republic
Many Germans blamed the Weimar government for accepting the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles

22. Weimar Republic
Some Germans accused Communists and Jews in Germany of conspiring against Germany during the war

23. Weimar Republic
Inflation and unemployment was a major economic problem for Germany after the war
Germany had printed money to pay for expenses of the war rather than tax citizens
German currency became worthless
Ex: A loaf of bread cost less than one German Mark in 1918; A loaf of bread cost 200 billion Marks in 1923

25. Weimar Republic
Worldwide economic depression added to economic difficulties in Germany

27. The Nazi Party
Extreme right wing political party that believed that the Treaty of Versailles had to be overturned
Nationalist Socialist Workers Party
German form of fascism
Opposed Communism
Blamed Jews and foreign powers for Germany’s problems
Established a private militia known as the Brown Shirts

29. Adolf Hitler Became the leader of the Nazi Party in 1920
“Der Führer” (The Leader)

30. Points for Discussion
Why did many Germans resent the Treaty of Versailles?
Why did many Germans not support the Weimar government?