1. Quick review on Sex & Orientation EMOTION: Theories and Expression
Goals for today:
Quick review on Sex & Orientation
EMOTION: Theories and Expression
Practice:
theories of emotion (we’ll PRACTICE this next class)
Expressions and selfies

2. CC: Feeling all the feels https://www. youtube. com/watch
Emotions Revealed
Eckman, Lie Detection

3. Physiological - Sexual Motivation
Biological Factors
Psychological Factors
Alfred Kinsey (1940s)
Masters & Johnson (1950s)
Sexual Response Cycle
Initial Excitement
Plateau Phase
Orgasm
Resolution Phase
Desire
Erotic Materials
Culture

4. Sexual Orientation 0 (heterosexual) in both activity and fantasy
6 (Homosexual) both activity and fantasy
Degree to which there is an attraction to members of the same or other sex or both.
Biological Factors
Environmental Factors?

5. What’s the Relationship between…
Motives
Emotions
Needs & desires that propel us to action
Brief, complex responses associated with these decisions & activities
Involve:
Physiological arousal
Cognitive thought
Behavioral action or reaction

6. Think-Pair-Share What purpose do emotions serve?
Increase, decrease, or regulate arousal
Direct perception & attention
Influence learning & memory
Organize & motivate behavior
Communication with others

7. Biology of Emotion Brain & Body Limbic System Frontal Lobe
Autonomic NS
Facial expression
Body temperature
Limbic System
Amygdala
Hypothalamus
Frontal Lobe
Left: positive
Right: negative

10. Theories of Emotion Emotions are a mix of 1) physiological activation, 2) expressive behaviors, and 3) conscious experience.
Physiological
Cognitive
Changes in body give rise to your emotional feelings.
James-Lange
Cannon-Bard
Facial Feedback
Interpretations of situations give rise to emotional feelings.
Schachter-Singer (Two-Factor)

12. Theories of Emotion Event Emotion Body Response
James-Lange Theory (1890)
Experience emotion after your body responds to a stimulus.
Event
Body Response
Emotion

13. Emotion Event Theories of Emotion Bodily Response
Cannon-Bard Theory (1929)
Emotion occurs at the same time as the body’s response to a stimulus.
Event
Bodily Response
Emotion

14. Cognitive Interpretation
Theories of Emotion
Schachter –Singer Two –Factor Theory (1962)
Emotion is the result of cognitive interpretation of situation (even & response).
Event
Physical Response
Cognitive Interpretation
Emotion

17. Culture and Emotional Expression
Paul Ekman – believed that people speak and understand pretty much the same “facial language” around the world.
When culturally diverse people were shown basic facial expressions, they did pretty well at recognizing them.
7 emotional “facial universals”…6 depicted below…
SURPRISE
FEAR
HAPPINESS
7 = CONTEMPT
SADNESS
DISGUST
ANGER

18. Polygraphs How do they work?
Measure your level of arousal while being asked critical questions (want answers to), irrelevant questions (elicit truthful answers) and control questions (elicit anxious, emotionally aroused response)…all of which are mixed up during interrogation
How accurate are they?
Not accurate enough to guarantee their evaluations... About ½ of the states do not admit polygraph evidence in court

19. Signs that can indicate deception
Hiding the truth costs the liar some cognitive effort…resulting in heightened attention (dilated pupils), longer pauses in speech & more constrained movement
Hiding one’s true feelings, may cause the liar to become physically and behaviorally more aroused…evident in posture shifts, speech errors, nervous gestures and shrugging
Many deceivers focus on keeping a “poker face” -- so pay attention to the speaker’s body movements…smiles, hand gestures and eyes can give away signs that are opposite of what the person is trying to convey
If the person generally tells the truth, they will probably be unable to “look you straight in the eye”…yet this is not true of practiced liars

20. Detecting and Computing Emotion
Most people find it difficult to detect deceiving emotion. Even trained professionals like police officers, psychiatrists, judges, and polygraphists detected deceiving emotions 54% of the time.
OBJECTIVE 39-3| Discuss the research on reading and misreading facial and behavioral indicators of emotion.
Which of Paul Ekman’s smiles is genuine?
Dr. Paul Elkman, University of California at San Francisco

23. Review
Diagram what happens when a person sees a huge, black, hairy spider according to the James-Lange, Cannon- Bard, and Two-Factor Theories
J-L theory: “I am afraid because I am shaking”
1. Person sees a spider 2. Begins to shake 3. Interprets shaking as fear
C-B Theory: “The spider makes me shake and feel afraid.”
Person sees a spider 2a. Begins to shake (at same time) 2b. Interprets shaking as fear 3. Experiences fear
T-F Theory: “I label my shaking as fear because I appraised the situation to be dangerous.”
Person sees a spiker 2a. Begins to shake (at same time) 2b. Decides situation is dangerous Experiences fear
Schachter singer 2 factor theory differs from J-L in that it involves a component not discussed in J-L, cognitive labeling.
First part (perception of stimulus) and second part (physiological arousal) the same. J-L says you then subjectively interpret your reaction as emotion. S-S theory says stimulus triggers both physiological arousal & cognitive label that makes sense of the arousal.