1. CH4 Fundamentals of Biology
All living things; grow, metabolize, homeostasis, respond, reproduce, and have cellular organization.

2. Ingredients of Life
Organic compounds; carbon, hydrogen, and usually oxygen
Organic compounds; carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

3. Fuel of Life
ATP
Photosynthesis
Fig. 4.4

4. Fig. 4.5
Respiration breaks down glucose; uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water.

5. Cells and Organelles
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic; no nucleus, and lack most organelles.
Eukaryotes; have membrane-bound organelles, a nucleus, DNA in chromosomes

6. Levels of Organization
Tab. 4.1
Levels of Organization

7. Challenges of Life in the Sea
Habitat; food, water, shelter, and space
Plankton are organisms that drift in the water
Benthic organisms live on the bottom
Nekton organisms are strong swimmers

8. Salinity
Total amount of salt in dissolved water.
For Review:
Diffusion ; movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
Osmosis is the diffusion of water.

10. Marine organisms maintain the proper balance of water and salts
Osmoconformers
Osmoregulators

11. Osmoregulators
Marine organisms tend to lose water due to osmosis;
drink seawater to replace water lost
produce little urine (concentrated)
excrete salts through gills

13. Fig. 4.15

14. Temperature
Temperature plays a major role in determining where different organisms are found in the ocean.
Fig. 4.16

15. Organisms are often categorized according to how their metabolism affects their body temperature.
Ectotherms, cold-blooded or poikilotherms
Endotherms, warm – blooded or homeotherms

16. Perpetuating Life Heredity
Asexual Reproduction, single individual can reproduce itself and produce offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
For Review;
Mitosis, produces two daughter cells that are identical to the original cell.
Meiosis, daughter cells have half the normal number of chromosomes, gametes Sexual Reproduction

17. Fig. 4.9

18. Fig. 4.19

19. Diversity of Life in the Sea
Fig. 4.21
Diversity of Life in the Sea

20. Diversity of Life in the Sea
Natural Selection occurs when some members of a population survive and reproduce more successfully than others.
Evolution is the genetic change in the population that results because individuals pass their characteristics on to their young.

21. Page 80

22. Fig. 4.24

23. Classifying Living Things
A species is a population of organisms that share common characteristics, can breed, and are reproductively isolated from other populations
binomial nomenclature
Genus species

24. Tab. 4.2

25. Page 83