1. Post-Conflict Reconstruction After Ethnic Conflict
Dr. Jared O. Bell, Assistant Professor of International Relations & Public Administration
Faculty of Business and Administration
International University of Sarajevo

2. What do you think Post-Conflict Reconstruction entails?
What is post-conflict reconstruction?
What do you think it entails?
What do you think Post-Conflict Reconstruction entails?

3. Post Conflict Reconstruction
Post-conflict reconstruction aims at the consolidation of peace and security and the attainment of sustainable socio- economic development in a war-shattered country.
Post Conflict Reconstruction

4. Post- Conflict Reconstruction Includes
Post-conflict reconstruction is broadly understood as a complex, holistic and multidimensional process encompassing effort to simultaneously improve security (restoration of law and order), political (governance), economic (rehabilitation and development) and social conditions (justice and reconciliation). 
Post- Conflict Reconstruction Includes

5. States must work to return a sense of normal order to the country
States must work to return a sense of normal order to the country. This includes establishing rule of law, neutral police, and military.
Also establishing rule of law that respects human rights norms is important for legitimizing the role of the new government.
Security

6. States must rebuild their political institutions that were destroyed during conflict.
States may have to re-design as a political system that may address the underline causes that may have led to war in the first place.
States where there has been ethnic conflict may have enter into power sharing agreements that split territory or where they share administrative powers.
Political

7. Political scientists define a consociational state as a state which has major internal divisions along ethnic, religious, or linguistic lines, with none of the divisions large enough to form a majority group, yet nonetheless manages to remain stable, due to consultation among the elites of each of its major social groups.
Consociationalism

8. Characteristics of consociational Societies
Grand coalition-Elites of each pillar come together to rule in the interests of society because they recognize the dangers of non- cooperation.
Mutual veto-Consensus among the groups is required to confirm the majority rule. Mutuality means that the minority is unlikely to successfully block the majority. If one group blocks another on some matter, the latter are likely to block the former in return.
Characteristics of consociational Societies

9. Characteristics of consociational Societies
Proportionality Representation- is based on population. If one pillar accounts for 30% of the overall society, then they occupy 30% of the positions on the police force, in civil service, and in other national and civic segments of society.
Segmental autonomy-Creates a sense of individuality and allows for different culturally-based community laws.
Characteristics of consociational Societies

10. Economic Rehabilitation and Development
Post- Conflict states must work to rebuild the economy and focus on economic develop. This includes:
Re-establishing institutional infrastructure.
Rehabilitating physical infrastructure.
Reinvesting in human capital.
Revitalizing social capital.
Regenerating economic growth.
Economic Rehabilitation and Development

11. Justice and Reconciliation
States must counter the past by addressing gross human rights abuses that took place during a particular conflict.
This is called transitional justice.
States must also work to repair the social fabric that may have been damaged by ethnic conflict.
Justice and Reconciliation

12. What is transitional justice?
Transitional Justice is a response to systemic or widespread violations of human rights. It seeks recognition for victims and promotion possibilities for peace, reconciliation, and democracy.
What is transitional justice?

13. Goals of Transitional Justice
Extract Truth
Give Closure to victims
Acknowledge crimes
Bring perpetrators to justice
Individualize guilt
To encourage reconciliation
Goals of Transitional Justice

14. Examples of Transitional Justice
Trials/International Tribunals
Truth Commissions
Lustrations
Vetting
Reparations
Examples of Transitional Justice

15. What is Reconciliation?
Reconciliation is a complex set of processes that involve building or rebuilding relationships, often in the aftermath of massive and widespread human rights violations.
What is Reconciliation?

16. Types of Reconciliation
Individual
Inter-personal
Socio-political
Types of Reconciliation

17. Individual Reconciliation
 In order to rebuild their lives and their relationships with others, victims may have to reconcile themselves with their past experiences, including the harms, suffering, and damage that have resulted from human rights violations.
Individual Reconciliation

18. Inter-personal Reconciliation
Often focusing on the relationship between victims, perpetrators, or beneficiaries of rights violations, interpersonal reconciliation can involve processes based on acknowledgement of past wrongs, reform, and forgiveness between individuals. This type may draw on religious understandings of reconciliation.
Inter-personal Reconciliation

19. Socio-political Reconciliation
Socio-political reconciliation focuses on relations between groups—social, political, ethnic, religious, or other—in divided societies. In contexts where existing parliamentary and other structures may be relatively strong, processes may lead to respect for others who hold different beliefs and to a commitment to resolve differences through agreed-on, non-violent means.
In other contexts, where society has no political history of strong institutions, agreements can commit to acknowledgment of harms done and respect for others the future.
Socio-political Reconciliation

20. Institutional Reconciliation
Institutional reconciliation is premised on processes whereby institutions charged with protecting fundamental freedoms and individual and collective rights win back the trust of alienated parts of society.
It is often focused on justice and security institutions but can also affect institutions such as education and the media.
It is relevant not only where there are relatively strong state institutions, but also where those institutions have significantly breached the public trust by committing, facilitating, or allowing massive violations.
Institutional Reconciliation