1. Matter Notes Everything in the Universe is either matter or energy
Examples of energy: kinetic potential heat nuclear electricity chemical mechanical light
Matter is anything that has mass and volume.
Examples of matter: water, you, desk, air, sun, paper

2. Phases of Matter Solid – desk, chair Liquid – water, soda
Gas – water vapor, air
Plasma – plasma TV, plasma ball

3. Solids Usually most dense Molecules tightly held together
Definite size
Definite shape
Molecules are cohesive

4. Liquids Water is most dense Molecules loosely held together
Definite size
Takes shape of its container
Molecules are cohesive
Has surface tension

5. Gases Usually least dense Molecules loosely held together
No definite size
Takes shape of its container
Molecules far apart

6. Phase changes Solid to liquid = melting Solid to gas = sublimation
Liquid to gas = evaporation
Liquid to solid = freezing
Gas to liquid = condensation
Gas to solid = desublimation
Melting and freezing occur at the same temperature (0o Celsius)
Condensation and evaporation occur at the same temperature (100o Celsius)

7. Solids, Liquids and Gases
Cohesion – the force of attraction by which the molecules of a solid or liquid tend to remain together
Example: water molecules
Adhesion – the intermolecular attraction between substances that are unlike and in surface contact, causing them to cling
Example: band-aids on your skin

8. Solids, Liquids and Gases
Surface Tension – the property of liquids that gives their surface a slightly elastic quality and enables them to form into separate drops.
Example: water spiders walking on water
Buoyancy – the tendency of a liquid or a gas to cause less dense objects to float or rise to the surface
Example: steel boat floating on the river

9. Solids, Liquids and Gases
Viscosity – the resistance of a liquid to flowing
Example: maple syrup is more viscous than water