1. Migrations Out of Africa
Slide Set #26D
Tim Roufs’ section
Migrations Out of Africa

2. III
“Eve” II
“Eve”
“Eve” I

3. “Eve”
“Eve” I

4. Homo sapiens Homo erectus Homo habilis Australopithecus
“Moderns”
Neandertals
Homo sapiens
Homo erectus
Pleistocene
Homo
habilis
Australopithecus

5. Migrations 3. The Genographic Project 2. “Out of Africa” (mtDNA)
ca. 60,000 ybp
Dr. Dr. Spencer Wells (also DNA based)
2. “Out of Africa” (mtDNA)
ca. 150,000 – 200,000 ybp
1. Homo erectus migrations
ca. 1.8 mya

6. Time 23 July 2001

7. Time 23 July 2001

8. Homo erectus Orrorin Ardipithecus Australopithecus Paranthropus Homo
tugenensis
ramidus
anamensis
afarensis
africanus
garhi
aethiopicus
boisei
robustus
rudolfensis ( “early” )
habilis ( “early” )
erectus
sapiens

9. Homo rudolfensis ( “early” ) Homo habilis ( “early” ) erectus sapiens
Genus
Homo
Species
rudolfensis ( “early” )
habilis ( “early” )
erectus
Java (Trinil)
Pithecanthropus erectus
China (Beijing)
Homo erectus pekinensis
Africa . . .
Europe . . .
sapiens

10. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 238

12. The First Men (Time-Life, 1973), p. 111

13. Kottak, Physical Anthropology & Archaeology (NY: McGraw-Hill, 2004), p

14. Kottak, Physical Anthropology & Archaeology (NY: McGraw-Hill, 2004), p

15. “Eve” II
“Eve”
“Eve”

16. “Did We Come Out of Africa? Studies Collide” “Out of Africa” vs.
[“Replacement Theory”]
vs.
“Multi-Regional” Theory
New York Times
(12 January 2001)

17. Migrations 3. The Genographic Project 2. “Out of Africa” (mtDNA)
ca. 60,000 ybp
Dr. Dr. Spencer Wells (also DNA based)
2. “Out of Africa” (mtDNA)
ca. 150,000 – 200,000 ybp
1. Homo erectus migrations
ca. 1.8 mya

19. Migration II: Homo sapiens sapiens
150,000 – 200,000 ybp
Time 23 July 2001

20. Migration II: Homo sapiens sapiens
150,000 – 200,000 ybp
Time 23 July 2001

21. Homo rudolfensis ( “early” ) Homo habilis ( “early” ) erectus sapiens
Genus
Homo
Species
rudolfensis ( “early” )
habilis ( “early” )
erectus
Java (Trinil)
Pithecanthropus erectus
China (Beijing)
Homo erectus pekinensis
Africa . . .
Europe . . .
sapiens

22. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 284

23. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p 326

24. Migrations “Eve Theory”
A. “Out of Africa”
aka “The Mitochondrial Eve Theory”
aka “The Complete Replacement Model”
Rebecca Caan
Christopher Stringer
vs.
B. Multiregional Hypothesis
aka “The Regional Continuity Model”
Millard Wolpoof

25. Migrations “The Partial Replacement Model”
begins with African early archaic
includes components of regional continuity, hybridization, and replacement, with the emphasis on replacement
the disappearance of archaic humans was due to both hybridization and replacement, and was a gradual and complex process
Günter Bräuer

26. Migrations “Eve Theory”
A. “Out of Africa”
aka “The Mitochondrial Eve Theory”
aka “The Complete Replacement Model”
Rebecca Caan
Christopher Stringer
vs.
B. Multiregional Hypothesis
aka “The Regional Continuity Model”
Millard Wolpoof

27. Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 465.
“Multiregional
hypothesis”
“Out of Africa”
model
“Eve”
Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 465.

29. Migrations “Eve Theory”
A. “Out of Africa”
aka “The Mitochondrial Eve Theory”
aka “The Complete Replacement Model”
Rebecca Caan
Christopher Stringer
vs.
B. Multiregional Hypothesis
aka “The Regional Continuity Model”
Millard Wolpoof

31. Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 465.
“Multiregional
hypothesis”
“Out of Africa”
model
“Eve”
Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 465.

33. III
“Eve”
“Eve”
“Eve”

34. Migrations 3. The Genographic Project 2. “Out of Africa” (mtDNA)
ca. 60,000 ybp
Dr. Dr. Spencer Wells (also DNA based)
2. “Out of Africa” (mtDNA)
ca. 150,000 – 200,000 ybp
1. Homo erectus migrations
ca. 1.8 mya

37. https://www5.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/
Venus of Willendorf
c. 24,000 ybp
Roufs DNA results ID # = FW35F6VQRR

38. Homo erecti are hand axe people
Homo erectus
REM
Homo erecti are hand axe people

41. Homo erectus
REM
Homo erecti are hand axe people
But did some leave Africa before the invention of the hand axe?

42. Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 334.
The “Movius Line”
bamboo area
Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 334.