1. History of Science and Technology
Historiography
History of Science and Technology
Dr James Poskett

2. The Graphic (1931)

3. The Cold War and the History of Science
Manhattan Project c.1945
Soviet cosmonaut poster c.1965

4. Argument Historiography of science product of the Cold War
History of science first written by scientists, later by professional historians.
Historiography of science follows broader trends, moving from intellectual to social and then cultural history.

5. The Cambridge History of Science Committee (1936)
Joseph Needham
J. D. Bernal
Walter Pagel

6. Opposition to Marxist history of science (1940-1960)
Michael Polanyi
Herbert Butterfield

7. Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962)
Paradigm 1: Newtonian Physics
Normal Science
Paradigm Shift
Paradigm 2: Einsteinian Physics
Normal Science

8. Sociology of Scientific Knowledge (SSK)
The “strong programme”:
Causality: it examines the conditions (psychological, social, and cultural) that bring about claims to a certain kind of knowledge.
Impartiality: it examines successful as well as unsuccessful knowledge claims.
Symmetry: the same types of explanations are used for successful and unsuccessful knowledge claims alike.
Reflexivity: it must be applicable to sociology itself.

9. Shapin and Schaffer, Leviathan and the Air-Pump (1985)
“Solutions to the problem of knowledge are solutions to the problem of social order.”
Robert Boyle
Thomas Hobbes
Restoration
Absolute Sovereign
Experimentalism
Mechanistic
Induction
Deduction

10. Internal vs. External Factors
Theories
Institutions
Funding
Political Ideology
Facts
Experiments

11. Cultural History of Science (1990 - present)
Victorian Sensation (2000)
Peoples on Parade (2011)

12. Cultural History of Science (1990 - present)
Colonizing the Body (1993)
Another Reason (1999)
Imperial Nature (2008)

13. Science in the Marketplace (2007)

14. The Future of the History of Science