1. Imperialism – Africa
L. Bryant
KHS
Global 10

2. Scramble for africa Europeans are interested in raw materials
Peanuts
Timber
Hides
Palm Oil
Slave trade ended 1800’s
Still tension in West Africa

3. How were Europeans able to conquer Africa?
Maxim guns –
Automatic machine guns
Invented 1889
Railroads & steamships
Able to travel to bases within continent
Better communication
Quinine
Prevents Europeans from contracting malaria

4. How were Europeans able to conquer Africa?
Variety of African culture & language
Discourages unity between groups
Feuds over land, water & trade routes
Ethnic Strife
Europeans able to play one tribe off of another
Low level of technology
Africans cannot compete with Europeans
Do not have sophisticated weapons

5. Berlin Conference Aimed to divide Africa fairly
Prevent fighting in Europe
In order to take land in Africa:
Must notify other European nations
Had to be able to control colony
What was missing?
No consideration of ethnic or linguistic (language) borders
No consideration of what African rulers wanted

6. Land Grab Annex: 1874 Britain annexes West African Gold Coast
Incorporate a country within a state
1874 Britain annexes West African Gold Coast

7. Land Grab Protectorate: Britain establishes protectorate in Nigeria
Political unit that depends on another government for protection
Britain establishes protectorate in Nigeria
France adds:
French West Africa
Germany adds:
Togo, Cameroon, German Southwest Africa, German East Africa

8. Suez Canal Ottoman Empire had control of Egypt
Empire weakens, Egypt seeks independence
Muhammad Ali leads independence movement
Establishes independent Egyptian state

9. Suez Canal Muhammad Ali wants to bring Egypt into modern world
Modernizes & improves army
Develops public schools
Develops small industry
Sugar refinery, textiles, shipbuilding

10. Suez Canal Europeans interested in: Seek to build canal
Nile Valley in Egypt growing in economic value
Development of steamships
Seek to build canal
More direct trade routes
Britain interested
Think canal would be “lifeline to India”

11. Suez Canal Egypt doesn’t like British control …fail. Revolt!
Become protectorate of Britain

12. Central Africa
Europeans are moving away from just the coastal areas of Africa
Looking inward
Look on resource map – what does central Africa have to offer?

13. Central africa David Livingstone Henry Stanley
Sets off to explore Africa…
….disappears!
Henry Stanley
Sent from New York to find Livingstone
Finds Livingstone
Remains & continues to explore
Discovers Congo is rich in copper & tin

14. Central Africa Stanley wants Britain to send settlers to Congo
Refuse!
Contacts Belgium
King Leopold II leads the way into Congo
Other European countries notice
Rivalry!
Belgium ends up with Congo

15. East Africa 1885 – Germany & Britain rivals over land in East Africa
Germany is late to the game
Bismarck does not feel colonies are important
Changes his mind when people of Germany declare they want an empire
(remember: prestige!)
Their clashes over land is settled at Berlin Conference

16. South Africa 200,000 Europeans in South Africa by 1865
Descendents of original Dutch settlers
Boers
Napoleonic Wars
Britain seizes land in South Africa
Dutch are mad!
March north in Great Trek
Goal? To claim new land

17. South Africa Boers establish two new republics: Orange Free State
Transvaal

18. South Africa
Boers believe that because they are white, they are superior
Supremacy ordained by God
Boers do not let non-whites into their society
Force them into reservations

19. South Africa Boers in constant battle with Zulu Tribe Powerful ruler
Shaka Zulu

20. South Africa Cecil Rhodes Gains control of area north of Transvaal
Founded diamond & gold companies
Extremely wealthy
Gains control of area north of Transvaal
Names “Rhodesia”
Favors policy of expansion
Removed when plots to overthrow Boers without British support
“I think what [God] would like me to do is paint as much of Africa British red as possible!”

21. Boer War Takes place from 1899 – 1902 Guerilla warfare angers British
the use of hit-and-run tactics by small, mobile groups of irregular forces operating in territory controlled by a hostile, regular force

22. Boer War British respond to Boers: Burning crops
Herding 120,000 women and children to detention camps
Mass starvation – 20,000 die

23. Boer War British win, peace treaty in 1902 Lasting impacts:
Creation of South Africa
Self governing body within the British government
Appease Boers, only whites can vote