1. Module 7: Resolving NetBIOS Names by Using Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)

2. Overview Multimedia: The Role of WINS in the Network Infrastructure
Installing and Configuring a WINS Server
Managing Records in WINS
Configuring WINS Replication
Managing the WINS Database

3. Multimedia: The Role of WINS in the Network Infrastructure
The objective of this presentation is to provide a high-level overview of WINS in the network infrastructure.
At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:
Explain the role of WINS in the network infrastructure
Describe how WINS resolves NetBIOS names
Describe the WINS registration process
Describe how WINS replication works

4. Lesson: Installing and Configuring a WINS Server
The Components of WINS
What Is a NetBIOS Node Type?
How a WINS Client Registers and Releases NetBIOS Names
How Burst Handling Works
How a WINS Server Resolves NetBIOS Names
How to Install the WINS Service
How to Configure Burst Handling

5. The Components of WINS WINS Server WINS Database WINS Client
Subnet 1
Subnet 2
WINS Server
WINS Database
WINS Client
WINS Proxy

6. What Is a NetBIOS Node Type?
A NetBIOS node type is a method that a computer uses to resolve a NetBIOS name into an IP address
Node type
Description
Registry value
B-node
Uses broadcasts for name registration and resolution 1
P-node
Uses a NetBIOS name server such as WINS to resolve NetBIOS names 2
M-node
Combines B-node and P-node, but functions as a B-node by default 4
H-node
Combines P-node and B-node, but functions as a P-node by default 8

7. How a WINS Client Registers and Releases NetBIOS Names
Name Registered
Name Released
WINS Client
WINS Server
WINS client sends request to register
WINS server returns registration message with TTL value indicating when the registration expires if not renewed 1
WINS client sends request to release name
WINS server sends a positive name lease response 2

8. How Burst Handling Works
Burst handling is the response of a WINS server to a large number of WINS clients that are trying to simultaneously register their local names in WINS
Request to register 1
Registered 2

9. How a WINS Server Resolves NetBIOS Names
Subnet 2
Subnet 1
WINS Server A
WINS Server B
ClientA
Up to 3 attempts 1 2 3
Client makes 3 attempts to contact WINS server, but does not receive a response 1
Client attempts to contact all WINS servers until contact is made 2
If name is resolved, IP address is returned to the client 3

10. How to Install the WINS Service
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
Install the WINS service
Check the status of the WINS service

11. How to Configure Burst Handling
Your instructor will demonstrate how to configure burst handling

12. Practice: Installing and Configuring a WINS Server
In this practice, you will install and configure a WINS server.

13. Lesson: Managing Records in WINS
What Is a Client Record?
What Is a Static Mapping?
How to Add a Static Mapping Entry
Methods for Filtering and Viewing Records in WINS
How to Filter WINS Records

14. What Is a Client Record?
The service that registered the entry, including the
hexadecimal type identifier
The registered NetBIOS name, which can be a unique
name, or a group, internet group, or multihomed computer
The IP address that corresponds to the registered
name
The WINS server from which the entry originates
Displays “x” to indicate whether the entry is
static and displays “null” or is blank if the entry is not static
The state of the database entry, which can be
active, released, or tombstoned
A unique hexadecimal number that the WINS
server assigns during name registration
Shows when the entry will expire

15. What Is a Static Mapping?
A static mapping is a manual entry in the WINS database that maps a NetBIOS name to an IP address
Administrator enters computer
name-to-IP address entry
Non-WINS Clients
WINS Database

16. How to Add a Static Mapping Entry
Your instructor will demonstrate how to add a static mapping entry

17. Methods for Filtering and Viewing Records in WINS
Search filter
Description
NetBIOS name and IP address
Based on all or part of a NetBIOS name, an IP address, or a NetBIOS name and an IP address, including or excluding the subnet mask as a parameter
Record owners
Based on the name records of one or more name record owners
Record types
Based on one or more NetBIOS name suffix record types

18. How to Filter WINS Records
Your instructor will demonstrate how to filter WINS records

19. Practice: Managing Records in the WINS Server
In this practice, you will manage records in the WINS server

20. Lesson: Configuring WINS Replication
How WINS Replication Works
How Push Replication Works
How Pull Replication Works
What Is Push/Pull Replication?
WINS Replication Partner Properties
How to Configure WINS Replication
How to Configure Replication Partners Properties

21. How WINS Replication Works
WINS replication is the process of copying updated WINS data from a WINS server to other WINS servers in a network to synchronize the data
WINS Server A
Subnet 2
Subnet 1
WINS Server B
WINS Replication
HostB
HostA

22. How Push Replication Works
A push partner notifies replication partners when the database reaches a set threshold of changes
Push replication maintains a high level of synchronization/use with fast links
Subnet 2
Subnet 1
WINS Server A
WINS Server B
Subnet 2
Subnet 1
WINS Server A
WINS Server B
Replicas sent 4
Replication request 3
Notification sent 2
50 changes occur in database 1
WINS Server A reaches set threshold of 50 changes in its database 1
WINS Server A notifies WINS Server B that threshold is reached 2
WINS Server B responds to WINS Server A with a replication request 3
WINS Server A sends replicas of its new database entries 4

23. How Pull Replication Works
A pull partner requests replication based on a set time
Pull replication limits frequency of replication traffic across slow links
Subnet 2
Subnet 1
WINS Server A
WINS Server B
Requests changes every 8 hours 1
Replicas sent 2
Subnet 2
Subnet 1
WINS Server A
WINS Server B
WINS Server A requests database changes every 8 hours 1
WINS Server B sends replicas of its new database entries 2

24. What Is Push/Pull Replication?
Push/pull replication effectively ensures that the databases on multiple WINS servers are nearly identical at any given time by:
Notifying replication partners whenever the database reaches a set threshold of changes
AND
Requesting replication based on a set time

25. WINS Replication Partner Properties
Property
Description
Enable automatic partner configuration
As WINS servers are discovered joining the network, they are added as replication partners
Enable persistent connections
Increases the speed of replication so that a server can immediately send records to its partners
Enable overwrite unique static mappings at this server (migrate on)
If presented with both a static and dynamic-type entry for the same name, the static mapping is overwritten

26. How to Configure WINS Replication
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
Configure WINS replication
Modify a replication partner type
Modify the Push Replication settings for replication partners
Modify the Pull Replication settings for replication partners
Replicate with all WINS partners
Start push replication for a WINS replication partner
Start pull replication for a WINS replication partner

27. How to Configure Replication Partners Properties
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
Configure the Pull properties for the replication partner
Configure the Push properties for the replication partner

28. Practice: Configuring WINS Replication
In this practice, you will configure WINS replication

29. Lesson: Managing the WINS Database
Why Back Up a WINS Database?
How to Back Up and Restore a WINS Database
What Are Simple Deletion and Tombstoned Deletion of Records?
How to Delete a WINS Record
What Are Dynamic and Offline Compacting?
How to Compact a WINS Database
How Scavenging Works
How to Scavenge a WINS Database
How a WINS Database Is Checked for Consistency
How to Check for Consistency on a WINS Database
Guidelines for Decommissioning a WINS Server
How to Decommission a WINS Server

30. Why Back Up a WINS Database?
To repair a corrupt WINS database, you can back up and then restore a WINS database
To back up a WINS database :
To restore a WINS database:
Specify a backup directory
Back up manually or configure automatic backups
Manually delete and restore database files

31. How to Back Up and Restore a WINS Database
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
Specify a back up directory for the WINS database
Manually back up a WINS database
Restore a WINS database from a recent backup

32. What Are Simple Deletion and Tombstoned Deletion of Records?
To recover unused space that obsolete records occupy, you can update the WINS database by:
Simple deletion. Records selected by using the WINS console are removed from the current local WINS server
Tombstoned deletion. Records are marked for deletion, replicated to other WINS servers, and then removed during the next scavenging operation

33. How to Delete a WINS Record
Your instructor will demonstrate how to delete a WINS record

34. What Are Dynamic and Offline Compacting?
Compacting is the process of recovering unused space in a WINS database that is occupied by obsolete records
Maintain WINS database integrity by using:
Dynamic compacting. Automatically occurs while the database is in use
Offline compacting. Administrator stops the WINS server and uses the jetpak command

35. How to Compact a WINS Database
Your instructor will demonstrate how to compact a WINS database offline

36. 4 6 7 3 5 1 2 How Scavenging Works Scavenging process:
7-days
Jan 1
Jan 15
Jan 8
Scavenge
No-Refresh
Interval
Refresh
Time
stamped
Aging
Scavenging process:
Scavenging process: 4 6 7 3 5 1 2
The active names that the WINS server owns and for which the Renew Interval has expired are marked as released
The scavenging timer starts when the server starts up and is equal to half the Renewal interval
Released names that the WINS server owns and for which the Extinction interval has expired are marked for deletion
Names marked for deletion for which the Extinction timeout has expired are deleted and removed from the database
Active names that are replicated from other servers and for which the Verification interval has expired are revalidated
Names marked for deletion that are replicated from other servers and for which the Extinction timeout has expired are deleted and removed from the database
Names marked for deletion that are replicated from other servers are removed from the database

37. How to Scavenge the WINS Database
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
Configure scavenging settings on the WINS database
Scavenge the WINS database

38. How a WINS Database Is Checked for Consistency
Checking WINS database consistency helps maintain database integrity among WINS servers in a large network
WINS Server

39. How to Check for Consistency on a WINS Database
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
Configure WINS database verification
Verify database consistency
Verify version ID consistency

40. Guidelines for Decommissioning a WINS Server
Decommissioning an installed WINS server is the act of removing it from a network
Guidelines for decommissioning a WINS server:
If you reduce the number of WINS servers in your network, you can reconfigure WINS clients to point to other WINS servers in the network
Reconfiguration is necessary only if clients are still using WINS
If you eliminate WINS in your network, you can implement DNS as your primary naming service

41. How to Decommission a WINS Server
Your instructor will demonstrate how to decommission a WINS server

42. Practice: Managing a WINS Database
In this practice, you will manage a WINS database

43. Lab A: Resolving NetBIOS Names by Using Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)
In this lab, you will identify and resolve common issues when resolving NetBIOS names by using WINS