1. Chapter 5 States of Consciousness
A.P. Psychology

2. Sleep and Dreams Sleep Biological Rhythms and Sleep Circadian Rhythms
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

3. Why We NEED Sleep Adaptive Theory Conserve Energy Restoration Theory
Brain Plasticity

4. Importance of Sleep By Age Newborns Infants Toddlers Preschool
School Age
Teenagers
Adults

5. Sleep Deprivation Stress Decision Making Fatal Familial Insomnia
Microsleeps

6. Stages of Sleep and Wakefulness
Stage W
Wakefulness
Beta Waves
Relaxation

7. Sleep Stages Stage N1: Lightest Sleep Brain waves slow - Transition
Alpha to theta
Transition
5-10 minutes
If they wake
Vivid imagery
Hypnogogic images
Myoclonic Jerks

8. Sleep Stages Stage N2: About 20 minutes Muscle activity decreases
Theta Waves continue
Sleep spindles
Body temperature decreases
Heart rate slows

9. Sleep Stages Stage N3: Deep, Slow brain waves – Delta waves Transition
Stage where bed wetting,
sleep talking, sleep walking occur
Growth hormone released
Slowest delta waves
Deep sleep
Approximately 30 minutes

10. Sleep Stages Stage 5: 90 minutes into sleep Increase respiration
Increase heart rate
Blood pressure rises
Brain waves increase
REM
Muscles

12. Sleep Stages
4-6 cycles a night
REM sleep

13. Sleep Throughout the Lifespan
Infants
Adolescents
College Students

14. Sleeping Disorders Sleep and Disease Insomnia Sleep Walking
Sleep Talking
Sleep Eating
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Nightmares
Night Terrors
Narcolepsy
Sleep Apnea

15. Dreams Psychodynamic Approach Dreams as meaningful events
Sigmund Freud
- wish fulfillment
- day residue
2 types of Content
1. Manifest Content
2. Latent Content

16. Dreams Cognitive Theory of Dreaming - subconscious cognitive process
- involve information processing
- dramatization
- default network

17. Dreams Activation Synthesis Theory
- cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals
- random activity
- external stimuli vs internal stimuli
- levels of neurotransmitters

18. Dreams Problem Solving / Mood Regulation - opportunity - reflection
- effect
- creativity

19. Dreams
Boys (Freud)
Boys and girls
Women
Men
Cultural
Ghana US
Mexico

20. Hypnosis
Hypnosis – altered state of consciousness or a psychological state of altered attention and expectation in which the subject is usually receptive to suggestion.
4 steps
1. Minimize distractions
2. Concentration
3. Set Expectation
4. Suggest Events
Hypnotizability
2 Theories
1. Divided Consciousness
2. Social Cognitive Behavior
4 Specific Uses
1. Anesthesia
2. Sensory Distortion and Hallucination
3. Dinihibition
4. Posthypnotic Suggestion and Amnesia

21. Meditation 2 shared traits 1. focused attention 2. open monitoring
Mindfulness Meditation
Lovingkindness Meditation

22. Review

23. Physical or psychological dependence on a drug is called this…
Apnea
Addiction
REM Rebound
Myoclonic Jerks
Metacognition
Subconscious Awareness

24. Which of the following is a reason why we need sleep?
A method to protect our bodies from attackers.
It conserves our energy
Sleep is restorative
Sleep aids brain plasticity
All of the above

25. Place where sleep spindles occur that clearly define which stage of sleep you have entered.
Stage W
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
REM Sleep

26. Things that go on in the daytime, end up in my dreams.
Latent Content
REM Rebound
Sleep Spindles
Manifest Content
Day Residue
Stimulant

27. Chemicals that are released during sleep to fight infection
Neurotransmitters
Dopamine
Default network
Barbiturates
Cytokines

28. Often called the date rape drug, users tend to feel warm bonds with others around them.
Nicotine
Amphetamines
Cocaine
LSD
Marijuana
Ecstasy

29. When your muscles are immobilized during REM sleep.
Sleep Spindles
Cataplexy
Somnambulism
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Sleep Paralysis

30. The inability to fall asleep, stay asleep, or wake up early and can not get back to sleep.
Sleep Apnea
Narcolepsy
REM Rebound
REM Behavior Disorder
Sleep Paralysis
Insomnia

31. A strong desire to repeat the use of a drug for emotional reasons.
Physical Dependence
Psychological Dependence
Tolerance
Reticular Activating System
Sensory Deprivation

32. This is the ability to focus on one thing in front of you while many things may be going on around you.
Executive function
Somniloguy
Incubation
Automatic processing
Reticular Activating System

33. During the sleep, the windpipe fails to open and breathing is stopped.
Nightmare
Sleep Apnea
Narcolepsy
Sleep Talking
Night Terror
Cataplexy

34. Psychoactive drugs that slow down the mental and physical activity.
Stimulant
Activation Synthesis
Hallucinogen
Microsleep
Depressant

35. The manifest content of dreams is
The dream’s hidden meaning
The dreams listing of characters in it.
The ability for dreams to help you solve your problems.
The dream’s plot line.
The part of the dream where President Trump’s advisor shows up and instructs you on how to win the election.
The dream’s dramatization of general life concerns.

36. This is an extreme case of sleep loss over time
This is an extreme case of sleep loss over time. Can lead to hallucinations, confusion, and even death.
Myoclonic jerks
Desynchronizing effect
Hallucinogenic sleep
Fatal familial insomnia
Somnambulism

37. Stage of sleep where human growth hormone is produced.
Stage W
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
REM Sleep

38. Which of these factors does not affect the way alcohol affects your body?
Body weight
Amount consumed
Age of the individual
Differences in how the body metabolizes alcohol
Presence or absence of tolerance
Differences in body fat

39. I don’t know what I am going to cook for dinner
I don’t know what I am going to cook for dinner. I think about it all day, and then on the drive home it pops into my head, yes, I will make chili tonight.
Executive function
Somniloguy
Incubation
Automatic processing
Reticular Activating System

40. Which of these is not a type of consciousness?
Sensory Awareness
Direct Inner Awareness
Metacognitive Awareness
Consciousness as a Sense of Self

41. Which of these does the circadian rhythm not regulate?
Body temperature
Blood pressure
REM sleep
Sugar level
Sleep fullness/ awake state

42. Which of these is not a successful method of overcoming alcoholism?
Strong negative experience
Substitute dependency
Developing a new positive relationship
Joining Alcoholics anonymous
Psychoanalysis

43. The collection of neurons that is present both when you daydream while awake and when you are dreaming while asleep.
Amygdala
Default Network
Cerebral Cortex
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Sonambulistic Network

44. The theory that states that random bursts of energy occur during sleep and our brain tries to deal with the stimulation by attempting to make sense of it.
Psychodynamic Approach
Cognitive Theory of Dreams
Activation Synthesis Theory
Problem Solving and Mood regulation Theory
Consciousness as a Sense of Self

45. Sudden arousal from sleep with a deep fear, they have no idea what the dream was about.
Nightmare
Sleep Apnea
Narcolepsy
Sleep Talking
Night Terror
Cataplexy

46. Stage of sleep where bed wetting and sleep talking occur.
Stage W
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
REM Sleep

47. Powerful painkillers that depress the nervous system activity are called….
Barbiturates
Tranquilizers
Nicotine
Amphetamines
Opiates

48. This is the small brain structure that uses input from retina to synchronize our circadian rhythms.
Adaptive Theory
Sensory Awareness
Selective Attention
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Reticular Activating System

49. The collection plate is passed at church
The collection plate is passed at church. The drive that says to you “reach in there and grab some bills for yourself, you need some money.”
Executive Function
Somniloguy
Incubation
Automatic Processing
Reticular Activating System
Unconscious Thought