1. Cellular Respiration

2. Biology B-Day 11/22/16 Bellringer
Why does a person get type II diabetes?
Without insulin, a person cannot do what?
Agenda
Bellringer
Technology Lesson (A1)
Test Corrections
Cellular Respiration Virtual Lab

3. Biology B-Day 11/22/16 Bellringer
Why does a person get type II diabetes?
Diet, lack of exercise, over-production of insulin
Without insulin, a person cannot do what?
Signal the cells to take in glucose
Agenda
Bellringer
Technology Lesson (A1)
Test Corrections
Cellular Respiration Virtual Lab

4. Chemical Energy and Food
Cells need to break down food energy into useable energy
All living things (eukaryotes) go through cellular respiration – even plants

5. Why is this process called cellular respiration?
Cells need oxygen in order to break down sugars into useable energy
Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars

6. Cellular Respiration Aerobic – requires oxygen
Takes place in mitochondria

7. Cellular Respiration Glucose cannot be made directly into ATP
Three step process
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

8. Glycolysis Takes place in the cytoplasm
Breaks glucose down into 2 pyruvic acid/pyruvates (3-carbon compounds)
Makes 2 molecules of ATP
Anaerobic – no oxygen needed

9. Glycolysis Needs 2 molecules of ATP to begin Releases 4 ATP total
-2 ATP in
+ 4 ATP out
+2 ATP out
Net production of energy = 2 ATP

10. Glycolysis Removal of 4 high energy electrons Transfer to NAD+
Forms NADH
(similar to NADPH)

11. Glycolysis Glycolysis can proceed without oxygen
If there is oxygen present:
Krebs cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Without oxygen (Anaerobic respiration)
Fermentation

12. Krebs Cycle Also known as the Citric Acid Cycle
Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria
Breaks down pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide
Produces 2 ATP

13. Electron Transport Chain
Energy carrying molecules (NADH) from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle enter the ETC
Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane
Use oxygen
Makes 34 ATP molecules
Heat, energy (ATP) and water are byproducts

14. Balanced Equation for Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)

15. Cellular Respiration

16. Fermentation Occurs without oxygen in the cell
Anaerobic
Releases energy from food and occurs with Glycolysis
Two main types:
Alcoholic fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation

17. Alcoholic Fermentation
Converts pyruvic acid and NADH into NAD+, ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
Pyruvic acid + NADH  alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
In yeast
Allows bread to rise

18. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Regenerates NAD+ to continue glycolysis
Pyruvic acid + NADH  lactic acid + NAD+
Produced in muscles during prolonged exercise
When lack of oxygen, muscles make lactic acid
Lactic acid build up in muscles burns

19. Chart of # of ATP produced during Cellular Respiration
Step
Total # ATP Produced
Glycolysis 2
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain 34
Total 38

20. MiniQuiz Name the three parts of cellular respiration.
Where do they occur?
What is needed for cellular respiration to occur?
What is released at the end of cellular respiration?
Write the balanced equation for cellular respiration.
What are the two types of fermentation?
When does lactic acid fermentation occur?
How are ATP, NADPH and NADH similar?