1. Replacement of partial defects of dentition with bugel prothesis
Replacement of partial defects of dentition with bugel prothesis. Indications and contraindications for this type of prothesis. Planning the design of bugel dentures. Their production technology.

2. Last few years, the clasp prosthesis, or also sometimes it is called bugle, is in the lead position (among removable prosthesis). So what is it? Clasp denture is based like arc, and in contrast to other prosthesis, it uses for support not only gum, but also patient’s teeth. Thanks to it, bugle is more sensitive to gum, also there is considered, that clasp prosthesis can supply masticatory load more naturally. Thereby clasp denture wins traditional laminar removable dental prosthesis. In addition, we can to add that clasp denture looks compact, is comfortable in using and long-lived. In dentistry is used clasp denture with telescopic fixation system and bugles with micro-locked fastening (clasp denture with klammers and locks).

4. Clasp prosthesis with klammers is made to teeth, that’s why is fixed the best way on it, and thanks to elastic, it doesn’t spoil enamel. The one minus is the metal details are visible during smile.
The second way of clasp fixation is with help of locks, which are fixed on abutment teeth, it’s more durable. The most important in lock fastening is its invisible, and that it is hided in clasp denture. Everything is supplied by high modern technologies – high-precision casting and special materials, and of course high skilled specialists. Clearly, that there is most desirable is last variant, though you have pay more, as the making process of clasp denture is hard and difficult!

6. The adventages of lock fastering are:
Higher precision than with clasps;
Higher esthetic quality of prosthesis and shorter period of patient’s adaptation to such prosthesis; 
Availability of standard interchangeable compound parts;
The prosthesis is long-lived (in average is 7-10 years).
Ability to change matrixes and repeated activation;

7. Classification of edentulous archs by Kennedy

9. Indications for a Removable Partial Denture
To replace several teeth in the same quadrant or in both quadrants of the same arch.
As a temporary replacement for missing teeth in a child.
To replace missing teeth for patients who do not want a fixed bridge or implants.
For the patient who finds it easier to maintain good oral hygiene.
To serve as a splint to support periodontally involved teeth.

10. Contraindications for a Removable Partial Denture
A lack of suitable teeth in the arch to support, stabilize, and retain the removable prosthesis.
Rampant caries or severe periodontal conditions that threaten the remaining teeth in the arch.
A lack of patient acceptance for esthetic reasons.
Chronic poor oral hygiene.

11. Clasp prosthesis for the replacement of the final defect of dentition.

12. Clasp prosthesis for the replacement of the included defects of dentition

34. Bugel prostheses are a kind of overdentures.
Bugel prosthesis allows to use as a base not only gum but natural teeth either. That is why the prosthesis has more compact look, becomes more solid and comfortable and is more resistant to abrasion.

35. Indications
The presence on the jaw at least 6 steady supporting teeth

36. Consists of: The framework, basis and artificial teeth.
The framework of the denture is composed by:
Supporting – retaining clasp,
Occlusion rest,
Indirect attachments or keepmakers (anti-tripper elements), interlocks
Supporting and connecting rods, retention loops, cast springs.

37. Clinical and laboratory stages of the construction of the bar prostheses out of the model.
1. Taking of 2 working and 1 auxiliary Impressions.
2. Determination of the central occlusion.
3. Fitting of the bar prosthesis framework.
4.Fitting of the teeth.
5. Fixation of the prosthesis in the oral cavity.
6. Correction of the prosthesis

38. LABORATORY
1. Casting of the plaster model from the auxiliary impression and 2 super-plaster models by the working impressions.
2. Construction of the bite rim.
1. Preparation of the model in the surveyor
2. Drawing of the bar prosthesis pattern
3. Plastering of models in the occludator
4. Modeling of the prosthesis framework.
5. Replacement of wax with the metal.
6. Processing of the framework after casting, adjustment to the model.
The final processing of the framework. Covering with protective coatings.
Positioning of the teeth.
Replacement of wax of the bases with plastic.
Processing and polishing of the prosthesis

40. Bugel prostheses on attachments (clasps)

41. Bugel prostheses on locks

42. Bugel prostheses on locks have the fixing part inside the prosthesis that is why it is unnoticeable from outside that there is a prosthesis in the mouth.
Instead of a huge covering almost all the jaw plastic basis of an ordinary prosthesis bugel ones have delicate thin casting.
Bugel prostheses are better fixed, occupy less place in the mouth.

48. 1 – Metal-porcelain dental bridge with attachments.
2 – Attachment (lock) – patrix
3 - Attachment (lock) – matrix.
4 – Taking area is free. That’s why diction is usual, in contrast to using of partial removable prosthesis with plastic palate.
5 –metal part which join right and left parts of prosthesis (the partial removable denture has plastic plate)
6 – dental basis, where the plastic teeth are fixed.

49. 1 – Removable part of construction.
2 – Fixed part.

60. Thank You