1. Evolution Introduction

2. Varieties of life forms
Figure 1.4C-F

3. Clown, Fool, or Well Adapted?
All organisms have evolutionary adaptations
Inherited characteristics that enhance their ability to survive and reproduce
blue-footed booby
Large, webbed feet help propel the bird through water at high speeds

4. Specialized salt-secreting glands manage salt intake while at sea
A streamlined shape, large tail, and nostrils that close are useful for diving
Specialized salt-secreting glands manage salt intake while at sea
Adaptations do not create perfect orgs. Lg feet are clumsy on land. But overall, lg feet contributed more to repro success than small feet, so the boobies had large feet.

5. Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life
Charles Darwin synthesized the Theory of Evolution by natural selection
Theory vs hypothesis
Evolution is the core theme of biology
Who was Darwin? Biologist at age 22, taken on 5 yr voyage to explore. Europeans realized the economic potential of natural resources, wanted to “discover” and exploit them worldwide.
1859 published On the Origin of Species. Presented theory of natural selection
Radical change in std western thinking.
religions stated age of earth as 6K, based on Bible
Aristotle held that species are fixed, unchanging
Evolution theory explained lots of different observtns, simplified what appeared to be complex systems Th4, THEORY, not just sgl hypothesis.
Diversity of life explained. A reason for all the types of animals, why some finches have beaks of this shape and others are different.
Unifying theory – many orgs descended from a common ancestor.
Wallace also conceived idea,based on observtn sent his paper to Darwin for his comments. So Darwin hurried to publish his own work and get credit.

6. The voyage of the Beagle
Great Britain
North America
Europe
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Africa
Galápagos Islands
South America
Equator
Cape of Good Hope
Andes
Australia
Tierra del Fuego
New Zealand
Cape Horn
Tasmania

8. Prevalent ideas at Darwin’s time
species are fixed
Earth is about 6,000 yrs old
Evidence for evolution. Current thought, very solid in western culture: fixed species. Also, literal interp of Bible and religious bks, earth is 6K old.
Fossils indicated this maybe wrong, that earth and life were much older.

9. New ideas proposed Fossils indicated the earth was very old
Georges Cuvier:
Fossils indicated the earth was very old

10. Lyell, a geologist, argued that land forms changed constantly.
New ideas proposed
Charles Lyell:
Lyell, a geologist, argued that land forms changed constantly.

11. New ideas proposed
Jean Baptiste Lamarck:
Lamarck proposed that organisms changed and these changes were passed to progeny.

12. Darwin became convinced that the Earth was old and continually changing
He concluded that living things also change, or evolve over generations
He also stated that living species descended from earlier life-forms: descent with modification

13. Darwin proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution
Darwin observed that:
organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support
organisms vary in many characteristics
these variations can be inherited
He concluded that living things also change, or evolve over generations
He also stated that living species descended from earlier life-forms: descent with modification

14. Charles Darwin, 1874 Alfred Wallace Man with beard
Man with longer beard

15. Darwin cartoon

16. Evolution happens when populations of organisms with inherited variations are exposed to environmental factors that favor the reproductive success of some individuals over others
Natural selection is the editing mechanism
Evolution is based on adaptations