1. Abiotic Desiccation Salinity Temperature Light Gradient Oxygen
Wave crash
Aspect
Abiotic (physical factors) are the influences of the non-living part of the community e.g.. Climate

2. Biotic Predators Competition Mates Food Space Light (algae)
The biotic factors are the influences that result from the activities of living organisms in the community eg. competition

3. Abiotic factors - Desiccation
Patella vulgata
Actinia equina
Cancer pagurus

4. Abiotic factors - Temperature
Littorina littorea
Semibalanus balanoides

5. Abiotic factors - Salinity changes
Asterias rubens
Carcinus maenas
Ulva that was Enteromorpha

6. Abiotic factors - Exposure

7. Abiotic factors - Light
4: Wave Crash

8. Abiotic factors - Abiotic factors - Oxygen 4: Wave Crash - Slope
cold water holds more oxygen than warm water
most intertidal organisms must respire underwater
- Slope
- Aspect
4: Wave Crash A B c

9. Biotic factors - Competition
Abiotic factors
4: Wave Crash
Space
Mates
Food
Light
Empty shells (hermit crabs)

10. Biotic factors - Predation
Abiotic factors
4: Wave Crash
- from marine (offshore and intertidal) predators
- from terrestrial predators 9

11. How does all this affect the Rocky shore at cullercoats?