1. Understanding Federal Tyranny, Part 5 wwwc.PatriotCorps.org
Released into the Public Domain
February 16, 2019.
Visuals and Text by: Matt Erickson
Edited and Narrated by: Frank Caprio
wwwc.PatriotCorps.org

2. Franklin Delano Roosevelt

3. Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

4. Fifth Amendment
to the U.S. Constitution
“No person shall be … deprived

5. Fifth Amendment
to the U.S. Constitution
“No person shall be … deprived of life, liberty, or property,

6. Fifth Amendment
to the U.S. Constitution
“No person shall be … deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law;

7. Fifth Amendment
to the U.S. Constitution
“No person shall be … deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use,

8. Fifth Amendment
to the U.S. Constitution
“No person shall be … deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.”

10. “Section 2. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 2.

11. “Section 2. All persons F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 2. All persons

12. “Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver

13. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933,

14. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank

15. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System

16. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin,

17. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion

18. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates…”

19. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates…”
“Section 9.

20. “Section 9. Whoever willfully violates…this Executive Order…
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates…”
“Section 9. Whoever willfully violates…this Executive Order…

21. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates…”
“Section 9. Whoever willfully violates…this Executive Order…may be fined…$10,000,

22. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates…”
“Section 9. Whoever willfully violates…this Executive Order…may be fined…$10,000, or…may be imprisoned for not more than ten years,

23. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates…”
“Section 9. Whoever willfully violates…this Executive Order…may be fined…$10,000, or…may be imprisoned for not more than ten years, or both…”

24. “By virtue of the authority vested in me
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“By virtue of the authority vested in me

25. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“By virtue of the authority vested in me by Section 5 (b) of the Act of October 6, 1917,

26. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“By virtue of the authority vested in me by Section 5 (b) of the Act of October 6, 1917, as amended by Section 2 of the Act of March 9, 1933…

27. Trading with the Enemy Act
(October 6, 1917, 40 Stat. Page 415, 423)
Sections 6 & 12.

28. Trading with the Enemy Act
(October 6, 1917, 40 Stat. Page 415, 423)
Sections 6 & 12. An “alien property custodian”

29. Trading with the Enemy Act
(October 6, 1917, 40 Stat. Page 415, 423)
Sections 6 & 12. An “alien property custodian” shall be appointed and “vested with all of the powers of a common-law trustee”

30. Trading with the Enemy Act
(October 6, 1917, 40 Stat. Page 415, 423)
Sections 6 & 12. An “alien property custodian” shall be appointed and “vested with all of the powers of a common-law trustee” to “receive all money and property in the United States due or belonging to an enemy…

31. Trading with the Enemy Act
(October 6, 1917, 40 Stat. Page 415, 423)
Sections 6 & 12. An “alien property custodian” shall be appointed and “vested with all of the powers of a common-law trustee” to “receive all money and property in the United States due or belonging to an enemy… and to hold, administer, and account for the same…

32. Trading with the Enemy Act
(October 6, 1917, 40 Stat. Page 415, 423)
Sections 6 & 12. An “alien property custodian” shall be appointed and “vested with all of the powers of a common-law trustee” to “receive all money and property in the United States due or belonging to an enemy… and to hold, administer, and account for the same…
“After the end of the war

33. Trading with the Enemy Act
(October 6, 1917, 40 Stat. Page 415, 423)
Sections 6 & 12. An “alien property custodian” shall be appointed and “vested with all of the powers of a common-law trustee” to “receive all money and property in the United States due or belonging to an enemy… and to hold, administer, and account for the same…
“After the end of the war any claim of any enemy…shall be settled…”

34. Article III, Section 3, Clause 1

35. Article III, Section 3, Clause 1 “Treason against the United States,

36. Article III, Section 3, Clause 1
“Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them,

37. Article III, Section 3, Clause 1
“Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies,

38. Article III, Section 3, Clause 1
“Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort.”

39. Are the “persons” of the Executive Order

40. Are the “persons” of the Executive Order
the same “persons” of the Fifth Amendment?

41. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates…”

42. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates…”
Fifth Amendment
“No person shall be … deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.”

43. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 1.
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates…”

44. “Section 1. …For purposes of this regulation…The term ‘person’ means…
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 1. …For purposes of this regulation…The term ‘person’ means…
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates…”

45. “Section 1. …For purposes of this regulation…The term ‘person’ means…
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 1. …For purposes of this regulation…The term ‘person’ means…
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates…”

46. For purposes of this example…

47. For purposes of this example…a pig is a dog.

50. “Section 1. …For purposes of this regulation…The term ‘person’ means
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 1. …For purposes of this regulation…The term ‘person’ means
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates…”

51. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 1. …For purposes of this regulation…The term ‘person’ means any individual, partnership, association or corporation.”
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates…”

52. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 1. …For purposes of this regulation…The term ‘person’ means any individual, partnership, association or corporation.”
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates…”

53. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 1. …For purposes of this regulation…The term ‘person’ means any individual, partnership, association or corporation.”
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates…”

54. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 1. …For purposes of this regulation…The term ‘person’ means any individual, partnership, association or corporation.”
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates…”

55. “Any” ≠ “All” or “Every”
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 1. …For purposes of this regulation…The term ‘person’ means any individual, partnership, association or corporation.”
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates…”
“Any” ≠ “All” or “Every”

56. “Any” ≠ “All” or “Every” Something else binds “individuals...”
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“Section 1. …For purposes of this regulation…The term ‘person’ means any individual, partnership, association or corporation.”
“Section 2. All persons are hereby required to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, to a Federal Reserve Bank or branch or agency thereof or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System all gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates…”
“Any” ≠ “All” or “Every”
Something else binds “individuals...”

57. Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?

58. Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
The term ‘person’ means “any individual, partnership, association or corporation.”
Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?

59. Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“All persons are hereby required to deliver” their gold to a bank.
The term ‘person’ means “any individual, partnership, association or corporation.”
Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?

60. Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“All persons are hereby required to deliver” their gold to a bank.
The term ‘person’ means “any individual, partnership, association or corporation.”
Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
1. If banks ARE “persons,”

61. Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“All persons are hereby required to deliver” their gold to a bank.
The term ‘person’ means “any individual, partnership, association or corporation.”
Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
1. If banks ARE “persons,” then some persons must deliver their gold to other persons.

62. Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“All persons are hereby required to deliver” their gold to a bank.
The term ‘person’ means “any individual, partnership, association or corporation.”
Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
1. If banks ARE “persons,” then some persons must deliver their gold to other persons. Some “persons” may be lawfully deprived of all their gold

63. Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“All persons are hereby required to deliver” their gold to a bank.
The term ‘person’ means “any individual, partnership, association or corporation.”
Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
1. If banks ARE “persons,” then some persons must deliver their gold to other persons. Some “persons” may be lawfully deprived of all their gold while some “persons” receive all gold.

64. Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“All persons are hereby required to deliver” their gold to a bank.
The term ‘person’ means “any individual, partnership, association or corporation.”
Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
1. If banks ARE “persons,” then some persons must deliver their gold to other persons. Some “persons” may be lawfully deprived of all their gold while some “persons” receive all gold. Something else differentiates.

65. Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“All persons are hereby required to deliver” their gold to a bank.
The term ‘person’ means “any individual, partnership, association or corporation.”
Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
1. If banks ARE “persons,” then some persons must deliver their gold to other persons. Some “persons” may be lawfully deprived of all their gold while some “persons” receive all gold. Something else differentiates.
2. If banks ARE NOT “persons,”

66. Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“All persons are hereby required to deliver” their gold to a bank.
The term ‘person’ means “any individual, partnership, association or corporation.”
Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
1. If banks ARE “persons,” then some persons must deliver their gold to other persons. Some “persons” may be lawfully deprived of all their gold while some “persons” receive all gold. Something else differentiates.
2. If banks ARE NOT “persons,” then something else

67. Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’
(Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
“All persons are hereby required to deliver” their gold to a bank.
The term ‘person’ means “any individual, partnership, association or corporation.”
Are member banks of the Federal Reserve System “persons”?
1. If banks ARE “persons,” then some persons must deliver their gold to other persons. Some “persons” may be lawfully deprived of all their gold while some “persons” receive all gold. Something else differentiates.
2. If banks ARE NOT “persons,” then something else differentiates between individuals, partnerships, associations or corporations.

68. Federal Reserve Act (38 Stat. 251 @ 266) December 23, 1913

69. Federal Reserve Act (38 Stat. 251 @ 266) December 23, 1913 “Section 2.

70. Federal Reserve Act December 23, 1913
(38 Stat. 266)
December 23, 1913
“Section 2.
“The shareholders of every Federal reserve bank

71. Federal Reserve Act December 23, 1913
(38 Stat. 266)
December 23, 1913
“Section 2.
“The shareholders of every Federal reserve bank shall be held individually responsible…

72. Federal Reserve Act December 23, 1913
(38 Stat. 266)
December 23, 1913
“Section 2.
“The shareholders of every Federal reserve bank shall be held individually responsible…for all contracts, debts, and engagements of the banks

73. Federal Reserve Act December 23, 1913
(38 Stat. 266)
December 23, 1913
“Section 2.
“The shareholders of every Federal reserve bank shall be held individually responsible…for all contracts, debts, and engagements of the banks to the extent of…their…stock.”

74. Federal Reserve Act December 23, 1913 “Section 16.
(38 Stat. 266)
December 23, 1913
“Section 16.
“Every Federal reserve bank

75. Federal Reserve Act December 23, 1913 “Section 16.
(38 Stat. 266)
December 23, 1913
“Section 16.
“Every Federal reserve bank shall maintain reserves in gold or lawful money

76. Federal Reserve Act December 23, 1913 “Section 16.
(38 Stat. 266)
December 23, 1913
“Section 16.
“Every Federal reserve bank shall maintain reserves in gold or lawful money of not less than 35% against its deposits

77. Federal Reserve Act December 23, 1913 “Section 16.
(38 Stat. 266)
December 23, 1913
“Section 16.
“Every Federal reserve bank shall maintain reserves in gold or lawful money of not less than 35% against its deposits and reserves in gold of not less than 40% against its Federal reserve notes in actual circulation...

78. Federal Reserve Act December 23, 1913 “Section 16.
(38 Stat. 266)
December 23, 1913
“Section 16.
“Every Federal reserve bank shall maintain reserves in gold or lawful money of not less than 35% against its deposits and reserves in gold of not less than 40% against its Federal reserve notes in actual circulation...
“The Federal Reserve Board shall require each Federal reserve bank

79. Federal Reserve Act December 23, 1913 “Section 16.
(38 Stat. 266)
December 23, 1913
“Section 16.
“Every Federal reserve bank shall maintain reserves in gold or lawful money of not less than 35% against its deposits and reserves in gold of not less than 40% against its Federal reserve notes in actual circulation...
“The Federal Reserve Board shall require each Federal reserve bank to maintain on deposit in the Treasury of the United States,

80. Federal Reserve Act December 23, 1913 “Section 16.
(38 Stat. 266)
December 23, 1913
“Section 16.
“Every Federal reserve bank shall maintain reserves in gold or lawful money of not less than 35% against its deposits and reserves in gold of not less than 40% against its Federal reserve notes in actual circulation...
“The Federal Reserve Board shall require each Federal reserve bank to maintain on deposit in the Treasury of the United States, a sum of gold

81. Federal Reserve Act December 23, 1913 “Section 16.
(38 Stat. 266)
December 23, 1913
“Section 16.
“Every Federal reserve bank shall maintain reserves in gold or lawful money of not less than 35% against its deposits and reserves in gold of not less than 40% against its Federal reserve notes in actual circulation...
“The Federal Reserve Board shall require each Federal reserve bank to maintain on deposit in the Treasury of the United States, a sum of gold sufficient in the judgment of the Secretary of the Treasury

82. Federal Reserve Act December 23, 1913 “Section 16.
(38 Stat. 266)
December 23, 1913
“Section 16.
“Every Federal reserve bank shall maintain reserves in gold or lawful money of not less than 35% against its deposits and reserves in gold of not less than 40% against its Federal reserve notes in actual circulation...
“The Federal Reserve Board shall require each Federal reserve bank to maintain on deposit in the Treasury of the United States, a sum of gold sufficient in the judgment of the Secretary of the Treasury for the redemption of the Federal reserve notes issued to such bank.”

83. F.D.R.’s Gold ‘Confiscation’ (Executive Order No. 6102, April 5, 1933)
Margin Call

87. January 30, 1934 Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)

88. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
“Section 2. (a)

89. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
“Section 2. (a) Upon the approval of this Act

90. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
“Section 2. (a) Upon the approval of this Act all right, title, and interest, and every claim of…every Federal Reserve bank…

91. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
“Section 2. (a) Upon the approval of this Act all right, title, and interest, and every claim of…every Federal Reserve bank…in and to any and all gold coin and gold bullion

92. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
“Section 2. (a) Upon the approval of this Act all right, title, and interest, and every claim of…every Federal Reserve bank…in and to any and all gold coin and gold bullion shall pass to and are hereby vested in the United States;

93. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
“Section 2. (a) Upon the approval of this Act all right, title, and interest, and every claim of…every Federal Reserve bank…in and to any and all gold coin and gold bullion shall pass to and are hereby vested in the United States; and…payment… shall be payable in gold certificates…”

94. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
“Section 2. (a) Upon the approval of this Act all right, title, and interest, and every claim of…every Federal Reserve bank…in and to any and all gold coin and gold bullion shall pass to and are hereby vested in the United States; and…payment… shall be payable in gold certificates…”
Gold coin & gold bullion to U.S.,

95. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
“Section 2. (a) Upon the approval of this Act all right, title, and interest, and every claim of…every Federal Reserve bank…in and to any and all gold coin and gold bullion shall pass to and are hereby vested in the United States; and…payment… shall be payable in gold certificates…”
Gold coin & gold bullion to U.S., Certificates to banks

96. Presidential Proclamation No. 2072
January 31, 1934
President Roosevelt, does hereby:

97. Presidential Proclamation No. 2072
January 31, 1934
President Roosevelt, does hereby:
“proclaim, order, direct, declare and fix the

98. Presidential Proclamation No. 2072
January 31, 1934
President Roosevelt, does hereby:
“proclaim, order, direct, declare and fix the weight of the gold dollar

99. Presidential Proclamation No. 2072
January 31, 1934
President Roosevelt, does hereby:
“proclaim, order, direct, declare and fix the weight of the gold dollar to be 15 5/21 grains of gold nine tenths fine.”

100. Presidential Proclamation No. 2072
January 31, 1934
President Roosevelt, does hereby:
“proclaim, order, direct, declare and fix the weight of the gold dollar to be 15 5/21 grains of gold nine tenths fine.”
$35.00/ounce

101. Presidential Proclamation No. 2072
January 31, 1934
President Roosevelt, does hereby:
“proclaim, order, direct, declare and fix the weight of the gold dollar to be 15 5/21 grains of gold nine tenths fine.”
$35.00/ounce
$20.67/ounce to banks

102. Presidential Proclamation No. 2072
January 31, 1934
President Roosevelt, does hereby:
“proclaim, order, direct, declare and fix the weight of the gold dollar to be 15 5/21 grains of gold nine tenths fine.”
$35.00/ounce
$20.67/ounce to banks—$14.33 to U.S. Gov’t

103. January 30, 1934 Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337) Section 5.

104. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 5. “No gold shall hereafter be coined, and no gold coin shall hereafter be paid out or delivered by the United States:

105. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 5. “No gold shall hereafter be coined, and no gold coin shall hereafter be paid out or delivered by the United States: Provided, however,

106. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 5. “No gold shall hereafter be coined, and no gold coin shall hereafter be paid out or delivered by the United States: Provided, however, That coinage may continue to be executed by the mints of the United States

107. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 5. “No gold shall hereafter be coined, and no gold coin shall hereafter be paid out or delivered by the United States: Provided, however, That coinage may continue to be executed by the mints of the United States for foreign countries in accordance with the Act of January 29, 1874…

108. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 5. “No gold shall hereafter be coined, and no gold coin shall hereafter be paid out or delivered by the United States: Provided, however, That coinage may continue to be executed by the mints of the United States for foreign countries in accordance with the Act of January 29, 1874…
“All gold coin of the United States shall be withdrawn from circulation,

109. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 5. “No gold shall hereafter be coined, and no gold coin shall hereafter be paid out or delivered by the United States: Provided, however, That coinage may continue to be executed by the mints of the United States for foreign countries in accordance with the Act of January 29, 1874…
“All gold coin of the United States shall be withdrawn from circulation, and, together with all other gold owned by the United States,

110. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 5. “No gold shall hereafter be coined, and no gold coin shall hereafter be paid out or delivered by the United States: Provided, however, That coinage may continue to be executed by the mints of the United States for foreign countries in accordance with the Act of January 29, 1874…
“All gold coin of the United States shall be withdrawn from circulation, and, together with all other gold owned by the United States, shall be formed into bars…”

111. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 5.
“No gold shall hereafter be coined…by the United States;

112. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 5.
“No gold shall hereafter be coined…by the United States;
“No gold coin shall hereafter be paid out or delivered by United States;

113. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 5.
“No gold shall hereafter be coined…by the United States;
“No gold coin shall hereafter be paid out or delivered by United States;
“All gold coin of the United States shall be withdrawn from circulation, and…shall be formed into bars…”

114. January 30, 1934 Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337) Section 15.

115. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 15. “As used in this Act

116. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 15. “As used in this Act the term ‘United States’

117. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 15. “As used in this Act the term ‘United States’ means the Government of the United States;

118. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 15. “As used in this Act the term ‘United States’ means the Government of the United States; the term ‘the continental United States’

119. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 15. “As used in this Act the term ‘United States’ means the Government of the United States; the term ‘the continental United States’ means the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the Territory of Alaska…”

120. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 15. “As used in this Act the term ‘United States’ means the Government of the United States; the term ‘the continental United States’ means the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the Territory of Alaska…”

121. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 15. “As used in this Act the term ‘United States’ means the Government of the United States; the term ‘the continental United States’ means the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the Territory of Alaska…”

122. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 15. “As used in this Act the term ‘United States’ means the Government of the United States; the term ‘the continental United States’ means the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the Territory of Alaska…”

123. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 5.
“No gold shall hereafter be coined…by the Government of the United States;

124. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 5.
“No gold shall hereafter be coined…by the Government of the United States;
“No gold coin shall hereafter be paid out or delivered by the Government of the United States;

125. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 5.
“No gold shall hereafter be coined…by the Government of the United States;
“No gold coin shall hereafter be paid out or delivered by the Government of the United States;
“All gold coin of the Government of the United States shall be withdrawn from circulation, and…shall be formed into bars…”

126. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 5.
“Provided, however, That coinage may continue to be executed by the mints of the United States for foreign countries in accordance with the Act of January 29, 1874…”

127. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 337)
January 30, 1934
Gold Reserve Act of (48 Stat. 337)
Section 5.
“Provided, however, That coinage may continue to be executed by the mints of the Government of the United States for foreign countries in accordance with the Act of January 29, 1874…”

128. August 15, 1971

129. August 15, 1971 President Nixon temporarily “closed the gold window”

132. Par Value Modification Act March 31, 1972 (86 Stat. 116) “SEC. 2.

133. Par Value Modification Act
March 31, 1972
(86 Stat. 116)
“SEC. 2. The Secretary of the Treasury

134. Par Value Modification Act
March 31, 1972
(86 Stat. 116)
“SEC. 2. The Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized and directed to take the steps necessary

135. Par Value Modification Act
March 31, 1972
(86 Stat. 116)
“SEC. 2. The Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized and directed to take the steps necessary to establish a new par value of the dollar of $1 equals

136. Par Value Modification Act
March 31, 1972
(86 Stat. 116)
“SEC. 2. The Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized and directed to take the steps necessary to establish a new par value of the dollar of $1 equals one thirty-eighth of a fine troy ounce of gold.

137. Par Value Modification Act
March 31, 1972
(86 Stat. 116)
“SEC. 2. The Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized and directed to take the steps necessary to establish a new par value of the dollar of $1 equals one thirty-eighth of a fine troy ounce of gold.
$38.00/oz.

138. Par Value Modification Act March 31, 1972 (86 Stat. 116) “SEC. 2.

139. Par Value Modification Act
March 31, 1972
(86 Stat. 116)
“SEC. 2. Such par value

140. Par Value Modification Act
March 31, 1972
(86 Stat. 116)
“SEC. 2. Such par value shall be the legal standard

141. Par Value Modification Act
March 31, 1972
(86 Stat. 116)
“SEC. 2. Such par value shall be the legal standard for defining the relationship of the dollar to gold

142. Par Value Modification Act
March 31, 1972
(86 Stat. 116)
“SEC. 2. Such par value shall be the legal standard for defining the relationship of the dollar to gold for the purpose of issuing gold certificates

143. Par Value Modification Act
March 31, 1972
(86 Stat. 116)
“SEC. 2. Such par value shall be the legal standard for defining the relationship of the dollar to gold for the purpose of issuing gold certificates pursuant to…the Gold Reserve Act of 1934.

144. Par Value Modification Act
March 31, 1972
(86 Stat. 116)
“SEC. 2. Such par value shall be the legal standard for defining the relationship of the dollar to gold for the purpose of issuing gold certificates pursuant to…the Gold Reserve Act of 1934.

145. Par Value Modification Act
September 21, 1973
(87 Stat. 352)
“SEC. 1. $42 and 2/9ths of a dollar ($42.22/ounce)

146. www.Treasury.gov; search “Gold Status Report”
Department of the Treasury Bureau of the Fiscal Service Status Report of U.S. Government Gold Reserve September 30, 2018
Summary
Fine Troy Ounces
Book Value
Gold Bullion
258,641,
$10,920,429,099.23
Gold Coins, Blanks, Miscellaneous
2,857,
$120,630,858.67
Total
261,498,
$11,041,059,957.90

147. www.Treasury.gov; search “Gold Status Report”
Department of the Treasury Bureau of the Fiscal Service Status Report of U.S. Government Gold Reserve September 30, 2018
Summary
Fine Troy Ounces
Book Value
Gold Bullion
258,641,
$10,920,429,099.23
Gold Coins, Blanks, Miscellaneous
2,857,
$120,630,858.67
Total
261,498,
$11,041,059,957.90
$11,041,059, / 261,498, = $42.22/ounce

148. Federal Reserve Banks

149. Federal Reserve Banks
Own Government Debt (Gold Certificates) payable in Gold
Owe the public only Paper

150. Federal Reserve Banks
Own Government Debt (Gold Certificates) payable in Gold
$42.22/ounce
Owe the public only Paper
~$1,200/ounce

152. Concurring Opinion; Justice Bradley
The Legal Tender Cases
79 U.S (1871)
Concurring Opinion; Justice Bradley

153. Concurring Opinion; Justice Bradley
The Legal Tender Cases
79 U.S (1871)
Concurring Opinion; Justice Bradley
“No one supposed that these government certificates are never to be paid

154. Concurring Opinion; Justice Bradley
The Legal Tender Cases
79 U.S (1871)
Concurring Opinion; Justice Bradley
“No one supposed that these government certificates are never to be paid — that the day of specie payments is never to return…

155. Concurring Opinion; Justice Bradley
The Legal Tender Cases
79 U.S (1871)
Concurring Opinion; Justice Bradley
“No one supposed that these government certificates are never to be paid — that the day of specie payments is never to return… Through whatever changes they may pass,

156. Concurring Opinion; Justice Bradley
The Legal Tender Cases
79 U.S (1871)
Concurring Opinion; Justice Bradley
“No one supposed that these government certificates are never to be paid — that the day of specie payments is never to return… Through whatever changes they may pass, their ultimate destiny is to be paid.”

157. Concurring Opinion; Justice Bradley
The Legal Tender Cases
79 U.S (1871)
Concurring Opinion; Justice Bradley
The issuance of United States notes:

158. Concurring Opinion; Justice Bradley
The Legal Tender Cases
79 U.S (1871)
Concurring Opinion; Justice Bradley
The issuance of United States notes:
“is a promise… to pay dollars…

159. Concurring Opinion; Justice Bradley
The Legal Tender Cases
79 U.S (1871)
Concurring Opinion; Justice Bradley
The issuance of United States notes:
“is a promise… to pay dollars…not…to make dollars.”

160. Paper dollars are “mere promises to pay dollars.”
Hepburn v. Griswold
75 U.S (1870)
Paper dollars are “mere promises to pay dollars.”

161. The “note dollar” is a “promise to pay a coined dollar.”
Bronson v. Rodes
74 U.S (1869)
The “note dollar” is a “promise to pay a coined dollar.”

163. To regain lost Liberty and limited
Government under strict construction
of the whole Constitution,
Question apparent Truths
which are NOT True.

164. False Assumptions ≠ Truth
To regain lost Liberty and limited
Government under strict construction
of the whole Constitution,
Question apparent Truths
which are NOT True.
False Assumptions ≠ Truth

165. Fiction Novels:
Non-Fiction Books: