1. Rocks

2. Rock Cycle
Magma cools and solidifies through crystallization. Igneous rocks form. If exposed to the surface, igneous rocks go through weathering and become sediment. Sediment then goes through a process called lithification. This allows them to become sedimentary rock.

3. Types of Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks

4. Sedimentary Rocks How They are Made
Wind and water break down the earth
Bits of earth settle in lakes and rivers
Layers are formed and build up
Pressure and time turn the layers to rock

5. Sedimentary Rocks
Compacted and cemented sediment; solid material settles out of the fluid; sediment accumulates over time and is deposited by water into spaces.

6. Sedimentary Rocks continued…
Classifying sedimentary
- detrital (solid particles from weathered rocks; which is particle size and component grains)
- chemical (weathering)
- biochemical origins
* These kinds of rocks help geologists determine Earth’s history.

7. Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Sandstone
Limestone
Gypsum
Conglomerate
Shale

8. Metamorphic Rocks What are They?
Rocks that have changed
They were once igneous or sedimentary
Pressure and heat changed the rocks

9. Metamorphic Rocks - means to “change form”
- agents of change include heat, pressure and chemically active fluids.
Classifying metamorphic rocks:
Foliated (fine-grained)
Non-foliated (coarse)

10. Types of Metamorphic Rocks
Schist
Gneiss

11. Igneous Rocks What are They?
Fire Rocks
Formed underground by trapped, cooled magma
Formed above ground when volcanoes erupt and magma cools

12. Igneous Rocks Extra Igneous rocks are formed by fire.
They form as magma cools and crystallizes.
Lava – gas has escaped from the magma
Texture of Igneous Rocks – (fine-grained, coarse-grained, porphyritic and glassy)
Igneous rocks are named by classifying their structure and mineral composition.

13. Types of Igneous Rocks
Scoria
Granite
Pumice
Obsidian

14. Rocks Have Been Used For Many Years and For Many Things