1. What was America’s response to Pearl Harbor?
How did America mobilize for war?

2. American Mobilization
America set out to prove Japan wrong
“Remember Pearl Harbor”
5 million volunteer for service
Selective Service System (draft) expanded

3. American Mobilization
Factories converted to war production
Bomb parts, mosquito netting, etc
Shipyards and plants expanded rapidly

4. American Mobilization
War Production Board (WPB) decided which companies would convert to wartime production
Organized drives to collect materials
Metal, rubber, etc

5. Propaganda What is it? Used extensively throughout WWII
Used to convince people to do certain things

10. American Mobilization
Rationing system set up
Fixed amounts of goods necessary for the military
Received coupons used for buying scarce goods
Meat, shoes, sugar, gasoline, etc

11. “Rosie the Riveter”
Norman Rockwell
May 29, 1943

12. “Liberty Girl”
Norman Rockwell
September 9, 1943

13. American Mobilization
The military’s needs were so great the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps was formed (WAAC)
Women volunteers served in noncombat positions

14. Women
6 million women entered workforce
1/3 worked in defense plants
Who did traditionally female work? (cooking, cleaning, childcare)
Women
Double shift- the wartime role of women to work fulltime and care for the home

15. Prejudice, Fear of “enemy”
West Coast- prejudice and panic everywhere
California- Japanese 1% of population
Newspapers attacked Japanese Americans

16. Presidential Action February 19, 1942- Executive Order 9066
Required removal of Japanese Americans from CA, WA, OR, AZ
Justified as act of national security

18. Japanese Internment
110,000 shipped to “relocation centers” (prison camps)
2/3 were Nisei
People with Japanese parents born in America (American citizens)
Families forced to sell homes, businesses, belongings

19. Life in Camps Isolated areas, harsh weather
Housing- barracks, families lived together
Dining halls
Armed guards around perimeter

22. Fighting for Justice A few Japanese Americans fought back
Korematsu v. United States
Fred Korematsu- posed as Chinese in CA
Arrested for violating Order 9066
Tried by Supreme Court
How would you rule?

23. Korematsu Trial Decision
Guilty
The government’s policy of evacuating Japanese Americans to camps was justified
“military necessity,” not racism
What kind of legacy is this?

24. What do you think? Answer Yes or No, choose two and explain
Japanese internment was justified during WWII.
Japanese internment is still justified (from our contemporary perspective.)
German and Italians should have been interned with Japanese Americans.
Survivors of internment and their ancestors deserved an apology and monetary reparations from the US government.
Which is more important- individual liberty or national security?