1. BellRinger
What was the most important technological advancement during the Age of exploration? Explain why?
You have three minutes to complete this bellringer.

2. Chapter 2.2 – Exploration in New World
The three main goals Exploration:
Expansion of the empire
Increase wealth and improve trade balance
Spread Christianity

3. Mercantilism Mercantilism
An economic system based on trade.
Goal was to increase the money in a country’s treasury
Did this through increasing imports and exports
Imports = what’s coming in to a country
Exports = what’s exiting a country

4. MERCANTILISM
Why would you want to increase money, instead of just trading goods?
You can do more with money than you can with stuff
Built roads
Built Ships to explore and conquer more land
Raised armies to conquer more land
Paid scientist to develop better weapons or medicine.
Wealth = Power

5. Chapter 2.2 Spain Conquers the New World
Spain sent conquistadors to conquer territories, so they could gain the resources
Hernando Cortez conquered the Aztecs.
Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca in Peru (South America).
Rewards for conquistadors
If successful wealth and glory for both Spain and themselves
Spain would be given 1/5 of any treasure found in return for granting conquistadors the right to explore and settle in the New World

6. Chapter 2.2 Reasons for Spanish Success
Spain is going to be successful in turning the New World into Wealth (by conquering) because:
1) European diseases killed millions of Native Americans because they were not immune to diseases like measles, smallpox, and influenza
2) Superior weapons like guns and cannons
3) Made alliances with the enemies of the Aztecs and Incas
4) Spanish Conquistadors acted brutally toward the Native Americans

10. The Treaty of Tordesillas:
Chapter 2.2
The Treaty of Tordesillas:
The treaty moved the Line of Demarcation more than 800 miles to the west.
Giving Portugal claim part of eastern South America.
Portugal focused on developing the given region South America.

11. Work Period Complete Part A and B of the Unit 2 Activity
You must have Part A and B done, to be able to complete Part C next class period
If you finish early:
Work on Home Learning:
SPICE Notes for Chapter 2, Lesson 3 (due next class)
Achieve3000 Articles (due Friday at midnight)
Origins Project (due October 15 and 16)
Or, you can extend your learning through the Mariner’s interactive Explorer’s map

12. Bellringer
What did the Treaty of Tordesillas do?

13. CHAPTER 2.2 Spanish Settlements in New World Class System
Pueblos: towns that were centers of trade
Missions: religious communities, small town, farmland, and a church
Presidio: a fort near a mission
Class System
Penninsulares: people born in Spain, owned the land, served in the Catholic Church, and ran local government
Creoles: people born in the Americas to Spanish parents
Mestizos: people with Spanish and Native American parents
Native Americans: often very poor
Enslaved Africans

14. Chapter 2.2 Life in Spanish America
Encomienda is a grant of Native American labor given to Spanish colonists to make the colonies productive. The Native Americans were treated no better than animals.
Hacienda is the name given to a large estate that was responsible for producing food for the colony.

15. Chapter 2.2
The rise of plantations lead to the abuse of Native Americans
Sugar Plantations required many workers as a result the Spanish turned to native peoples.
Plantations differed from Haciendas because they were large estates that raised cash crops. One of the most important cash crops that led to the rise of slavery was sugar.
Native Americans were enslaved under the Encomienda and were beaten, tortured, killed or all three to continue to increase production of crops.
Later millions of Africans were brought to the Americas and sold as slaves.

17. Chapter 2.2 The goals of Spanish missions in the Americas
1) Convert Native Americans to Christianity and increase Spanish control
2) Teach Native Americans how to read and write
3) Teach them carpentry and metalworking skills
Las Casas: condemned the cruel treatment of Native Americans
Pleads for laws to help protect them
New laws made it illegal to enslave Native Americans

19. Origins of Slavery in the Americas
Established in the Americas during the late 1500s/early 1600s.
Slave trade expanded because Native Americans refused to work, died or ran away. Family in the area would help them escape.
Reasons Europeans began to use African slaves in the Americas:
Immune to European diseases
Had no friends or family in new world
Provided a permanent source of cheap labor
Had previously worked on farms in Africa

20. Bellringer
Why did the Spanish begin using Africans as a labor source, instead of the Native Americans? 1. 2. 3. 4.

21. CHAPTER 2.2 Spain in Florida France in Florida
Juan Ponce de Leon claimed Florida for Spain
Appointed governor
asked to set up a colony
France in Florida
Wanted to capture (steal) Spanish ships loaded with gold and silver.
Jean Ribault sailed the St. Johns river and set up the colony of Fort Caroline

22. CHAPTER 2.2 Spain and France Meet:
Pedro Menendez de Aviles named governor of Florida at St. Augustine
Ribault tried to attack Menendez, but many of his ships were destroyed by a hurricane. Spanish killed any survivors
Menendez attacked Fort Caroline. Killed all except women, children, and Roman Catholics
Massacre ended France’s attempt to control Florida

24. CHAPTER 2.2 Exploring the Southwest
Panfilo de Narvaez attempted a colony near Tampa Bay (for Spain)
Apalachee attacked and Narvaez forced to flee
Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, a survivor of Narvaez’s expedition in Tampa Bay, lands on an Island near Texas  Lived among Native Americans  Eventually made it to Mexico
de Vaca described “Seven Cities of Cibola” cities of gold
Leads Spanish to search for gold

25. CHAPTER 2.2 The Search for Gold
Hernando de Soto searched for three years in the southeastern part of the New World
Crossed the Mississippi
Did not find cities of gold
Eventually died of fever
Francisco Vasques de Coronado
Traveled through northern Mexico, Arizona, and New Mexico
Went west to the Colorado River and then into present day Kansas, did not find gold

26. CHAPTER2.2 Settling the Southwest
Spanish settled in the southwestern and southeastern regions.
French settled in the northeast and controlled Mississippi River (New Orleans).
Dutch and English Protestants set up colonies along the Atlantic coast.
All three were attempting to convert Native Americans to their religions, creating conflict.

28. Work Period FINISH Part A and B of the Unit 2 Activity
You must have Part A and B done, to be able to complete Part C next class period
If you finish early:
Work on Home Learning:
SPICE Notes for Chapter 2, Lesson 3 (due next class)
Achieve3000 Articles (due Friday at midnight)
Origins Project (due October 15 and 16)
Or, you can extend your learning through the Mariner’s interactive Explorer’s map

29. Bellringer
What were Spain, France, Dutch, or English all trying to do in the New World?

30. Chapter 2.3 Religious Rivalries Religious Conflict Increases
Conflict between Catholics and Protestants spread throughout Europe due to Martin Luther and the Reformation
Protestants DID NOT accept the Pope as a leader
Religious Conflict Increases
Trade and political rivalries increased after King Henry VIII converted to Protestantism in 1533
Leaves because he wanted to divorce his first wife Catherine of Aragon at the time this was not allowed by the Catholic Church
Has a total of six wives:
Divorces further upset Catholic and Political relations
Catharine of Aragon (Spanish Royalty) - Divorced
Anne Boleyn – Executed
Jane Seymour – Died
Anne of Cleves – Divorced
Catherine Howard – Executed
Katharine Parr – Widowed

31. Chapter 2.3 Religious Conflict Increases (continued)
Under Elizabeth I, Henry VIII daughter, England is established as a Protestant nation
This leads to major religious conflict with Spain
King Phillip of Spain plans to invade England to restore Catholic Church

32. British defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588
Religious Conflict Leads to Battle
A sea battle took place in the English Channel. The faster English ships won against the slower Spanish Galleons.
Short Term Effects:
England remained Protestant and independent.
Long term Effects:
Spain’s image suffered; world saw that Spain could be beaten.
Spain had less control over lands in the New World.
Other countries began challenging Spain for the land rights in the New World

34. Chapter 2.3 New Countries in New World Search for a Northwest Passage
In the 1500s and early 1600s, England, France, and Netherlands sent explores to map the coast, establish trade, and colonies. Also hoping to find a direct water route to Asia from America.
Goal of French, Dutch and English
French=fur trade
Dutch West India Company ran the trade between America, Europe, and Africa (Triangular Trade).

35. Chapter 2.3