1. Bell Ringer
1.) If you had to define anatomy how would you define it into your own words?
2.) Rank the items listed below in order of complexity from most complex to least complex.
-organ -molecule
-cell -organism
-organelle -atoms
-tissue
-organ system-
3.) What is an example of an organ system, organ, cell, tissue, molecule, and atom.

3. What is Anatomy and Physiology?
Take a moment and think to yourselves.
What is anatomy and physiology?
How does it affect me?
Where did it come from?

4. What is anatomy? Anatomy by definition is the study of structure.
The breakdown
Ana means apart
Tomy means to cut or make an incision.

5. What is physiology? Physiology is the study of function.
How does anatomy and physiology relate to one another?
They relate because in nature the form of something is directly related to its function.

6. Learning check
Enzyme Substrate Complex as depicted on the previous slide is just one example of how form equals function.
Using your own body as a reference list other structures in which the form aids in its function for the body.

7. Methods used in studying Anatomy.
The first method of anatomy is simply inspection. This is looking at the body’s appearance, as in performing a physical examination.

8. Methods used in studying Anatomy
Palpation means feeling a structure with the hands such as palpating a swollen lymph node or taking a pulse.

9. Methods used in studying Anatomy
Percussion when the physician taps on the body to feels for abnormal resistances and listens to heartbeat, breathing, etc.

10. The road to Modern Medicine
Andreas Vesalius
Was the first to develop accurate illustrations to teaching anatomy to students. Explained by using cadavers.
William Harvey & Michael Servetus
Was the first to discover that blood had to continuously circulate the entire body.
Robert Hooke
Made great strides in developing instruments such as the microscope.

11. The Hierarchy of complexity.
Firstly an Organism is a single complete individual.
An organ system is a group of organs with a unique collective function.

12. Complexity Hierarchy
Organ is a structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out a particular function.

13. Complexity Hierarchy
Tissue is a mass of similar cells and cell products that form a region of an organ and perform a specific function.

14. Complexity Hierarchy
Cells are the smallest units of an organism that carry out all the basic functions of life. Nothing more simple than a cell is considered living.

16. Complexity Hierarchy
Organelles are microscopic structures in a cell that carry out its individual functions.

17. Complexity Hierarchy
Organelles and other cellular components are composed of molecules. Molecules are composed of 2 or more atoms.
Atoms are the smallest particles with unique identities.

20. Exit Slip
1.) If you had to define anatomy how would you define it into your own words?
2.) Rank the items listed below in order of complexity from most complex to least complex.
-organ -molecule
-cell -organism
-organelle -atoms
-tissue
-organ system-
3.) What is an example of an organ system, organ, cell, tissue, molecule, and atom.

21. Pre quiz 1. What is Homeostasis?
2. What is the major difference between positive and negative feedback mechanisms.
3. Give an example of each a positive and a negative mechanism.

22. Homeostasis
Is the body’s ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and thereby maintain relatively stable internal conditions.

23. Negative Feedback
Is a process in which the body senses a change and activates mechanisms that negate or reverse it.

24. Positive Feedback
Is a self-amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction, rather than producing the corrective effects of negative feedback.

26. Receptor and Effector
Receptor is a structure that senses a change in the body, such as the stretch receptors that monitor blood pressure.
Effector is the cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action.

28. Exit Slip/Post quiz
1. Suppose you have been doing heavy yard work on a hot day and sweating profusely. You become very thirsty, so you drink a tall glass of lemonade. Explain how your thirst relates to the concept of homeostasis. Which type of feedback-positive or negative does this illustrate?
2. What is the major difference between positive and negative feedback mechanisms.
3. Give an example of each a positive and a negative mechanism. How could physicians use this in order to save lives?

29. Anatomical Position and planes of section.
Anatomical Position is a stance in which a person stands erect with the feet flat on the floor and close together, arms at the sides, and the palms and face directed forward.

30. Anatomical Position and planes of section.
Supinated vs Pronated-
Supinated is rotated so that the palm faces anteriorly.
Pronated when the palm faces posteriorly.
Supine vs Prone-
Supine is when the person is lying face up.
Prone is when the person is lying face down.

31. Anatomical Position and planes of section.
Sagittal Plane is when the body or organ is divided into right and left portions.
Midsagittal plane divides the body into equal right and left halves.

32. Anatomical Position and planes of section.
Frontal plane divides the body into anterior(front) and Posterior (back) portions.

33. Anatomical Position and planes of section.
Transverse Plane divides the body or organ into its superior(upper) and inferior(lower) portions.

34. Directional Terms

35. Major Body Regions Axial Region- Trunk-
Consist of the head, neck(cervical region), and trunk.
Trunk-
Further divided into the thoracic region, which is above the diaphragm and the abdominal region below it.

37. Abdominal region
One way for identifying location in the abdominal region is the use of two perpendicular lines separating the region into 4 quadrants.

39. Abdominal Region Cont.
Another method of breaking down the abdominal region is to use 4 lines and separate the region into 9 smaller regions.