1. What macromolecule carries genetic information?
Agenda for 1. Intro DNA notes

2. DNA - Deoxyribose nucleic acid
6 feet in EVERY cell
Composed of nucleotides
Ideal genetic material
store and transmit genetic information
replicate
undergo changes (mutate)

3. DNA Vocab Chromosomes - tightly compacted DNA Chromatin – unwound DNA
Only in X or Y form during cell replication
46 Chromosomes
Chromatin – unwound DNA
Genes; thousands

4. Genes! Genes = segments of DNA Controls protein making in a cell
Made up of nucleotides

5. Label a gene, chromosome, DNA, nucleotide
Smallest Largest
Nucleotide, Gene, chromosomes

6. EVERY human body cell (except egg or sperm cell) has 46 chromosomes
23 from mom and 23 from dad
Does this mean that you have 46 genes as well?

7. Nucleotide Deoxyribose sugar Phosphate group Nitrogenous base
A, T, C, G

8. Nitrogenous Bases 4 Bases Purine – Double ring
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)
Purine – Double ring
A and G
Pyrimidine – single ring
T and C

9. Chargaff’s Rule Amount of guanine equals amount of cytosine
Amount of adenine equals thyamine
Chargaff’s rule: C=G A=T

10. Discovering Structure of DNA
X – Ray Diffraction
Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin
Photo 51
Indicated DNA was a double helix

11. James Watson and Francis Crick
DNA is a Double Helix
James Watson and Francis Crick
**Similar to ladder that is twisted**
Sugar and phosphate form the backbone
Bases lie between the backbone
Nucleotides
A, G, T, C
Hydrogen bonds between the bases
A-T – 2 H bonds
G-C – 3 H bonds

13. DNA is Complementary
Complementary: bases on one strand match bases on the other strand
(A-T and G-C)
Example: Strand 1- ATG GGC CTA
Strand 2- TAC CCG GAT

14. Orientation of DNA The nucleotides form a chain
Phosphate end is the 5' end
The opposite end is the 3' end
Q: Since DNA is complementary, what end matches with the 5’ end?

15. Chromosome Structure Prokaryotes – DNA in the shape of a ring
Eukaryotic – chromosomes
51 – 245 million base pairs

16. Remember!! Phosphates + sugars on the outside
2 strands allow bases to pair
A binds T with 2 H bonds
C binds G with 3 H bonds
Phosphates + sugars on the outside
Bases on the inside (Bases fit like puzzle pieces)

17. Write the complementary strand of DNA: 5’ – A T C G A G T – 3’
Agenda for Tuesday March 22nd
Build DNA Model

18. If there is 40% cytosine in DNA, how much adenine is there?
Agenda for Wednesday March 23rd
Finish DNA Model
Go over DNA structure worksheet
Video
Review questions
Replication

20. Review questions What does DNA stand for?
What is the shape/structure of DNA
Who is credited with discovering the shape/building the first model of DNA?
What is a purine? Pyrimidine?
What is the monomer of DNA?
Draw and label a nucleotide.
What are the four bases?
What would the other half of this DNA strand look like?
A T C G T A C G
If there is 10% adenine, how much thymine is there?
If there is 30% adenine, how much guanine is there?
How are the bases in DNA held together?