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6. Cognition
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INFORMATION PROCESSING MODELS
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Selective attention
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Change blindness Inattentional blindness
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perception
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Three Perceptual Processes Human Factors Guidelines
Maximize bottom-up processing Maximize automaticity and unitization Maximize top-down processing when bottom-up processing may be poor, and when unitization may be missing
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WORKING MEMORY
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A Model of Working Memory
Limits of Working Memory Capacity Time Confusability and Similarity Attention and Similarity
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HF Implications of WM Limits
Minimize working memory load Provide visual echoes Provide placeholders for sequential tasks Exploit chunking Minimize confusability Avoid unnecessary zeros in codes to be remembered Consider WM limits in instructions
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LONG-TERM MEMORY
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Basic Mechanisms Strength Associations WM and LTM Forgetting
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Organization of Info in LTM
Semantic Network Schemas and Scripts Mental Models Cognitive Maps
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LTM Implications for Design
Episodic Memory for Events Prospective Memory for Future Events
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SITUATION AWARENESS
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Problem solving and troubleshooting
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Planning and scheduling
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Metacognition and effort
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Attention and time-sharing
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Mental Effort and Resource Demand
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Structural Similarity
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Confusion Task Management and Interruptions Addressing Time-Sharing Overload
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