1. Chapter 7 Lesson 2
Sparta and Athens

2. I. Life in Sparta
A. Life was harsh and cruel-life revolved around the army B Spartans were tough, grim, and silent C. Army was the best in Greece D. They never came close to equaling the other achievements of Athens E. 600’s BC-Sparta experienced many wars (almost lost some) 1. led to changes in government and lifestyle for the Spartans 2. focused on creating a powerful army 3. #1 rule became put needs of city above your own

3. F. Spartans used slaves (helots) to do all farm work 1
F. Spartans used slaves (helots) to do all farm work 1. Slaves outnumbered citizens –always feared a slave revolt 2. Slaves were treated harshly II. Growing up in Sparta A. Every Spartan’s life was in the hands of the government from birth B. Only the healthiest children were raised because they wanted only the healthy and strong in their city (sickly were left outside to die)

4. C. Boys would begin military training at age 7 1
C. Boys would begin military training at age 7 1. Training would last for 13 years (no education) 2. At 20- became a soldier and would remain one until age At 30- became part of the assembly, help to make decisions for his city (oligarchy) D. Spartan women were allowed to exercise and train their bodies so they would have healthy children (received basic education)

5. E. Spartan Women were educated to be fighters
E. Spartan Women were educated to be fighters. Some women became warriors. Many ran businesses and owned land. They were free to move about. (had more responsibilities because men were often gone due to war) F. Spartans were not allowed to travel or mingle with other Greeks. Felt that by doing so they would become weak. Not interested in philosophy, science, art or wealth. G. Strict control over people led to a lack of economic growth. Spartans, men and women, were tough-Greeks admired strength

6. III. Persians invade Greece
A. 520 BC.-Darius, king of Persia gains control of the Greek colonies on the west coast of Asia minor B. The Ionian Greeks ask for help from the mainland Greeks so they could rebel against Persia. Athenians sent help but they were unable to defeat the Persians

7. C. 490 BC. – King of Persia sends soldiers and ships to attack the Athenians at Marathon. The Athenian army wins a great victory against the Persians
1. Persians outnumbered the Athenian army - 2 to 1
2. Athenians rushed the Persians and killed 6,400 and only lost 192 Athenians (all this without horses or archers)
3. Athenians attacked them when Persians were loading ships to go home-Persians retreated.
(Greeks sent fastest runner to announce the victory. He ran 26.2 miles from Marathon to Athens. He arrived and said “Rejoice, we conquer.” and died from exhaustion)

8. D. The Persian threat distracted the Greeks from fighting each other and allowed them to unite and drive the Persians out. E. Athens emerged from the war quite powerful. They exercised great influence over the other city-states F. People of the other city-states began to fear and resent the power of Athens.

9. IV. Peloponnesian War
A. Athens took the tribute paid to them for protection and used it to build Parthenon and other buildings B. Sparta formed the Peloponnesian league and went to war against Athens in 431 BC (27 years) C. Athens had a great navy, but their army lacked talent D. Sparta had a great army and no navy at the start of the war 1. Sparta would attack Athens and force the people inside the city 2. Athens would arrange for supplies to be smuggled in from allies across the water

10. E. Early in the war, Athens was struck by a plague and loses 1/3 of its population including Pericles F. Athens was unable to recover from their losses of people. Sparta had made an alliance with Persia so they could use their navy G. Sparta was able to set up a blockade to prevent Athens from getting supplies in 405 BC H. Athens surrendered in 404 BC-They would never be #1 in the Greek world again. No one polis would stay #1 for long