Presentation, Graphic Organizers, & Activities

Presentation, Graphic Organizers, & Activities
Africa’s ETHNIC GROUPS ETHNIC GROUPS Presentation, Graphic Organizers, & Activities

Explain the differences between an ethnic group and a religious group.
STANDARDS: SS7G4 Analyze the diverse cultural characteristics of the people who live in Africa. Explain the differences between an ethnic group and a religious group. Describe the diversity of religions within African ethnic groups. © Brain Wrinkles

TEACHER INFO: CLOZE Notes
The next pages are handouts for the students to use for note-taking during the presentation. (Print front to back to save paper and ink.) Check the answers as a class after the presentation. © Brain Wrinkles

Ethnic Groups CLOZE Notes 1
Islam & Christianity Traditional African Religions Religious Group There are more than _____________________________ in Africa, but some of the main ones are the Arabs, Ashanti, Bantu, and Swahili. All of these things make up a _____________________________ that is shared by the members of the ethnic group. These characteristics have been part of their _____________________________ . Shared history, _____________________________ , language, religion, traditions, beliefs, holidays, food, etc. _____________________________ can have many things in common: They are identified on the basis of religion, race, or _____________________________ . This is a group of people who share common _____________________________ . Since then, missionaries have continued to spread their beliefs across _____________________________ . Christianity first came to Africa in the _____________________________ . They converted many Africans and Islam slowly _____________________________ over time. _____________________________ brought Islam to Northern Africa around 700 CE. Most Africans today are either _____________________________ . These beliefs influence foods Africans eat, clothes they wear, _____________________________ , treat illness, bury their dead, etc. Traditional religions are part of _____________________________ in Africa. Many Africans practice traditional religions that have been passed _____________________________ . People from different ethnic groups may share the same religion; however, they may be _____________________________ . God(s), prophets, prayers, history, sacred text, _____________________________ , holy days, etc. _____________________________ have many things in common: They believe in the same god (or gods) and have a _____________________________ with a specific set of rules about how to live. A religious group is identified based on _____________________________ and practices. This is a group of people who share a _____________________________ . © Brain Wrinkles Ethnic Groups CLOZE Notes 1

Let’s Review Language Religion Ancestry Location ARABS Most Arabs, but not all, _____________________________ . The language of the Arab people is _____________________________ . The majority of Arab people are found in Southwest Asia and _____________________________ . Most Arabs, whether they are Muslim or Christian, _____________________________ . The term “Arab” refers to an ethnic group made up of people who speak the _____________________________ . _____________________________ is dominant among the Arab population in most of Southwest Asia. Sunni Islam dominates in most Arab areas, especially in _____________________________ . Sunnis and Shi’a disagree about _____________________________ of the Muslim world. The majority of Muslims practice _____________________________ , and most others practice Shi’a Islam. Islam consists mostly of _____________________________ . Not all Arabs are Muslims, and _____________________________ are Arabs. Most _____________________________ , while small numbers of Arabs practice other religions. The Arabic language, the _____________________________ , and many other aspects of Muslim culture became part of Africa. Arabic was necessary to be able to _____________________________ , Islam’s holy book. Wherever the Arabs went, they took Islam and the _____________________________ with them. _____________________________, traders, and scholars soon spread across northern Africa all the way to Morocco. Arab people began to spread into North Africa in the _____________________________ , when the first Muslim armies arrived in Egypt. While the majority of Arabs are in North Africa, the gold and salt trade _____________________________ beyond the Sahara into the Sahel region and beyond. Most of Africa’s Arab population is found in the countries of _____________________________ . © Brain Wrinkles Ethnic Groups CLOZE Notes 2

Let’s Review Language Religion Ancestry ASHANTI Location The _____________________________ legend is very important to Ashanti culture. They believe that plants, animals, and trees have souls (_____________________________ ). The Ashanti religion is a mixture of _____________________________ powers. Most speak _____________________________ (or Asante). They live predominately in _____________________________ . It is spoken in and around Kumasi, the capital of the former Ashanti empire, and within the current sub-national _____________________________ . The major dialect of the Ashanti language is called ‘____________________________ ’. They believe lower gods, like spirits, are on earth to ____________________________ . Ashanti believe in a _____________________________ who takes on various names depending upon the region of worship. Animism is the belief that plants, animals, and _____________________________ . Ashanti religion is a mixture of _____________________________ powers. Only the king and trusted advisers know the _____________________________ of the stool. The Golden Stool is an Ashanti legend and has only been seen by the _____________________________ . The Golden Stool is _____________________________ , as it is believed that the kingdom will last as long as it remains in the hands of the Ashanti king. The Golden Stool was declared to be the symbol of the _____________________________ . In this meeting, it was said that a _____________________________ was produced from the heavens by a priest and landed on the lap of Osei Tutu, the first king. In _____________________________ , a meeting of all the clan chiefs in the region was held. The total Ashanti population is over _____________________________ . Today, they live predominately in _____________________________ . Prior to European colonization, the Ashanti people developed a _____________________________ empire in West Africa. © Brain Wrinkles Ethnic Groups CLOZE Notes 3

Let’s Review Language Religion Ancestry BANTU Location Bantu practice Islam, Christianity, & _____________________________ religions. Bantu is a mixture of nearly _____________________________ combined. The Bantu people are found throughout _____________________________ . Today, close to _____________________________ across the southern half of Africa speak Bantu-based languages and share some part of Bantu culture. There are _____________________________ different Bantu languages and dialects. They believe in the power of _____________________________ . Whether Muslim or Christian, many Bantu _____________________________ that precede both those religions. Other Bantu people were influenced by _____________________________ in Africa and are now Christian. Many Bantu people settled in areas where there was a _____________________________ and are now Muslim. The Bantu migration was one of the _____________________________ of people in Africa’s history. Bantu-speaking people settled as far south as the ____________________________ . They intermarried with the people, accepting new traditions and _____________________________ with Bantu culture. As they spread across the continent, they met many new people, learned new skills, and _____________________________ and beliefs. From there, they evolved and spread _____________________________ . In Angola, archeologists have uncovered scratches on rock, massive stone pillars, and tools that place the Bantu people there about _____________________________ . The word “bantu” means “_____________________________ ”. Bantu make up _____________________________ of Africa’s population and cover the southern half of the continent. The Bantu people are distributed throughout _____________________________ parts of the continent. Bantu generally refers to nearly _____________________________ in Africa who speak Bantu languages. © Brain Wrinkles Ethnic Groups CLOZE Notes 4

Let’s Review Language Religion Ancestry SWAHILI Location The majority _____________________________ . The language they speak is Swahili, which reflects _____________________________ . The Swahili people are found in _____________________________ (Kenya, Tanzania, & Mozambique). Many also _____________________________ . While the Swahili language is considered a ____________________________ , there are many Arabic words and phrases included as a result of interactions with early Arab traders. The Swahili speak the _____________________________ as their native tongue. Since _____________________________ , and religious holidays are very important, the Arab culture is a vital part of Swahili culture. The Swahili _____________________________ and Islam has been one of the factors that helped create a common identity for such a diverse group of people. Islam established its presence in the region during the _____________________________ , when Arab traders made contact with the Bantu people. The group’s name comes from the Arabic word “Swahili,” which means “one who _____________________________ ”. The Swahili community developed along the coast of East Africa when _____________________________ began to settle there and intermarry with the local Bantu-speaking population. The total population is _____________________________ . Members also live on _____________________________ in the Indian Ocean, including Zanzibar. The Swahili people mostly inhabit a narrow strip of land along the southern coast of _____________________________ (in Kenya, Tanzania, & Mozambique). © Brain Wrinkles Ethnic Groups CLOZE Notes 5

Arab, Ashanti, Bantu, & Swahili
African Ethnic Groups Arab, Ashanti, Bantu, & Swahili © Brain Wrinkles

Religious Group This is a group of people who share a common belief system. A religious group is identified based on mutual religious beliefs and practices. They believe in the same god (or gods) and have a common sacred text with a specific set of rules about how to live. © Brain Wrinkles

Religious Group Religious groups have many things in common:
God(s), prophets, prayers, history, sacred text, religious laws, holy days, etc. People from different ethnic groups may share the same religion; however, they may be from different cultures. © Brain Wrinkles

Traditional African Religions
Many Africans practice traditional religions that have been passed down for generations. Traditional religions are part of everyday life in Africa. These beliefs influence foods Africans eat, clothes they wear, how they marry, treat illness, bury their dead, etc. © Brain Wrinkles

Islam & Christianity Most Africans today are either Muslim or Christian. Arabs from Southwest Asia brought Islam to Northern Africa around 700 CE. They converted many Africans and Islam slowly spread throughout Northern Africa over time. Christianity first came to Africa in the middle of the first century. Since then, missionaries have continued to spread their beliefs across sub-Saharan Africa. © Brain Wrinkles

Ethnic Group This is a group of people who share common cultural characteristics. They are identified on the basis of religion, race, or national origin. Ethnic groups can have many things in common: Shared history, common ancestry, language, religion, traditions, beliefs, holidays, food, etc. © Brain Wrinkles

Ethnic Group These characteristics have been part of their community for generations. All of these things make up a common culture that is shared by the members of the ethnic group. There are more than 3,000 ethnic groups in Africa, but some of the main ones are the Arabs, Ashanti, Bantu, and Swahili. © Brain Wrinkles

Ethnic Groups in Africa
© Brain Wrinkles

ARABS © Brain Wrinkles

Location Most of Africa’s Arab population is found in the countries of Northern Africa. While the majority of Arabs are in North Africa, the gold and salt trade spread the Arab culture beyond the Sahara into the Sahel region and beyond. © Brain Wrinkles

Ancestry Arab people began to spread into North Africa in the late 600s, when the first Muslim armies arrived in Egypt. Arab armies, traders, and scholars soon spread across northern Africa all the way to Morocco. Wherever the Arabs went, they took Islam and the Arabic language with them. © Brain Wrinkles

Ancestry Arabic was necessary to be able to read the Quran, Islam’s holy book. The Arabic language, the religion of Islam, and many other aspects of Muslim culture became part of Africa. © Brain Wrinkles

Religion Most Arabs practice Islam, while small numbers of Arabs practice other religions. Not all Arabs are Muslims, and not all Muslims are Arabs. Islam consists mostly of two different groups. The majority of Muslims practice Sunni Islam, and most others practice Shi’a Islam. Sunnis and Shi’a disagree about who is in charge of the Muslim world. © Brain Wrinkles

The mosque in Djenne, Mali is the oldest mud brick building in the world.
© Brain Wrinkles

Religion Sunni Islam dominates in most Arab areas, especially in North Africa. Shi’a Islam is dominant among the Arab population in most of Southwest Asia. © Brain Wrinkles

Language The term “Arab” refers to an ethnic group made up of people who speak the Arabic language. Most Arabs, whether they are Muslim or Christian, speak Arabic. © Brain Wrinkles

Arab Girls’ School in Egypt
© Brain Wrinkles

Let’s Review The majority of Arab people are found in Southwest Asia and northern Africa. The language of the Arab people is Arabic. Most Arabs, but not all, practice Islam. © Brain Wrinkles

ASHANTI © Brain Wrinkles

Location Prior to European colonization, the Ashanti people developed a large and influential empire in West Africa. Today, they live predominately in Ghana and Ivory Coast. The total Ashanti population is over 7 million. © Brain Wrinkles

Ancestry In 1701, a meeting of all the clan chiefs in the region was held. In this meeting, it was said that a Golden Stool was produced from the heavens by a priest and landed on the lap of Osei Tutu, the first king. The Golden Stool was declared to be the symbol of the new Ashanti kingdom. © Brain Wrinkles

Golden Stool of the Ashanti (Replica)
© Brain Wrinkles

Ancestry The Golden Stool is sacred to the Ashanti, as it is believed that the kingdom will last as long as it remains in the hands of the Ashanti king. The Golden Stool is an Ashanti legend and has only been seen by the tribe's royalty. Only the king and trusted advisers know the hiding place of the stool. © Brain Wrinkles

Bells are attached to the side to warn the king of impending danger.
© Brain Wrinkles

Religion Ashanti religion is a mixture of supernatural and animist powers. Animism is the belief that plants, animals, and trees have souls. Ashanti believe in a supreme god who takes on various names depending upon the region of worship. They believe lower gods, like spirits, are on earth to assist humans. © Brain Wrinkles

Language The major dialect of the Ashanti language is called ‘Asante’, or ‘Twi’. It is spoken in and around Kumasi, the capital of the former Ashanti empire, and within the current sub-national Asante Kingdom in Ghana. © Brain Wrinkles

Let’s Review They live predominately in Ghana and Ivory Coast.
Most speak Twi (or Asante). The Ashanti religion is a mixture of spiritual and supernatural powers. They believe that plants, animals, and trees have souls (animism). The Golden Stool legend is very important to Ashanti culture. © Brain Wrinkles

BANTU © Brain Wrinkles

Location Bantu generally refers to nearly 600 ethnic groups in Africa who speak Bantu languages. The Bantu people are distributed throughout central and southern parts of the continent. Bantu make up about two-thirds of Africa’s population and cover the southern half of the continent. The word “bantu” means “the people”. © Brain Wrinkles

Ancestry In Angola, archeologists have uncovered scratches on rock, massive stone pillars, and tools that place the Bantu people there about 50,000 BCE. From there, they evolved and spread eastward and southward. As they spread across the continent, they met many new people, learned new skills, and shared their customs and beliefs. © Brain Wrinkles

Ancestry They intermarried with the people, accepting new traditions and blending them with Bantu culture. Bantu-speaking people settled as far south as the southern tip of Africa. The Bantu migration was one of the largest movements of people in Africa’s history. © Brain Wrinkles

Religion Many Bantu people settled in areas where there was a strong Arab presence and are now Muslim. Other Bantu people were influenced by missionary efforts in Africa and are now Christian. Whether Muslim or Christian, many Bantu retain their beliefs that precede both those religions. They believe in the power of curses and magic. © Brain Wrinkles

Language There are over 650 different Bantu languages and dialects.
Today, close to 70 million people across the southern half of Africa speak Bantu-based languages and share some part of Bantu culture. © Brain Wrinkles

High School Classroom © Brain Wrinkles

Let’s Review The Bantu people are found throughout Sub-Saharan Africa.
Bantu is a mixture of nearly 600 different ethnic groups combined. There are over 650 different Bantu languages and dialects. Bantu practice Islam, Christianity, & traditional African religions. © Brain Wrinkles

SWAHILI © Brain Wrinkles

Location The Swahili people mostly inhabit a narrow strip of land along the southern coast of East Africa (in Kenya, Tanzania, & Mozambique). Members also live on several nearby islands in the Indian Ocean, including Zanzibar. The total population is 1,328,000. © Brain Wrinkles

Ancestry The Swahili community developed along the coast of East Africa when Arab traders began to settle there and intermarry with the local Bantu-speaking population. The group’s name comes from the Arabic word “Swahili,” which means “one who lives on the coast”. © Brain Wrinkles

Religion Islam established its presence in the region during the 9th century, when Arab traders made contact with the Bantu people. The Swahili are all Muslims and Islam has been one of the factors that helped create a common identity for such a diverse group of people. Since Islam is a way of life, and religious holidays are very important, the Arab culture is a vital part of Swahili culture. © Brain Wrinkles

Language The Swahili speak the Swahili language as their native tongue. While the Swahili language is considered a Bantu language, there are many Arabic words and phrases included as a result of interactions with early Arab traders. Many also speak English. © Brain Wrinkles

Let’s Review The Swahili people are found in eastern Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, & Mozambique). The language they speak is Swahili, which reflects Bantu and Arab roots. The majority practice Islam. © Brain Wrinkles

TEACHER INFO: Africa’s Culture Foldable
Print off the foldable for each student. The students will cut the template out along the thick, outside lines. Next, they will cut along the thin lines that divide each word, stopping at the gray rectangle. They should attach the side of the template (gray rectangle) to their notebooks. They will now be able to open up each flap and write information about the similarities and differences of ethnic and religious groups underneath. © Brain Wrinkles

TEACHER INFO: Ethnic Group Chart
Print off the Ethnic Group graphic organizer for each student. Students will complete the graphic organizer after discussing the presentation. You can choose to let students work in pairs. Check answers as a class to be sure that all charts are completed correctly. © Brain Wrinkles

Africa’s Ethnic Groups
Directions: Complete the chart below after discussing the presentation. Location Ancestry Religion Language Arab Ashanti Bantu Swahili © Brain Wrinkles

TEACHER INFO: Ethnic Groups Map
Print off the Ethnic Groups map for each student. Students should color the location of each ethnic group on the map of Africa. They will need to create a Map Key with the colors they chose. Check answers as a class to be sure that all maps are completed correctly. © Brain Wrinkles

Arab Ashanti Bantu Swahili © Brain Wrinkles Map Key Directions: Locate and color the ethnic groups of Africa: Arab, Ashanti, Bantu, and Swahili on the map of Africa below. Be sure to make a color-coded key for the map. Africa’s Ethnic Groups

TEACHER INFO: Design A Flag
Print off the Design A Flag handout for each student. The students will design a flag to represent one of the ethnic groups that we are studying. They should include symbols to represent significant characteristics of the group. In the textbox, they will summarize the significance of the symbols and colors on the flag & how they relate to the group. © Brain Wrinkles

Design A Flag Directions: Design a flag to represent one of the ethnic groups that we are studying. Include symbols to represent significant characteristics of the group. In the textbox, summarize the significance of the symbols and colors on the flag & how they relate to the group. ©Brain Wrinkles

TEACHER INFO: 4 Perspectives Poetry
Print off the Poetry Brainstorm handout for each student. You can have the students choose their ethnic group, or you can assign them one. Each student should complete the graphic organizer as if he/she is a member of the ethnic group. *This is the rough draft. Next, the student should write out the full poem on white paper. Finally, put the students in groups of 4—each ethnic group should be represented. They should cut out their poems and glue all 4 onto construction paper. *These make excellent hallway displays! © Brain Wrinkles

Ethnic Group Poem Brainstorm
I am (ethnic group) ______________________________________________ I believe _______________________________________________________ I wonder _______________________________________________________ I see __________________________________________________________ I hear _________________________________________________________ I feel __________________________________________________________ I touch _________________________________________________________ I am (ethnic group) ______________________________________________ I worry about ___________________________________________________ I cry because ___________________________________________________ I understand ___________________________________________________ I say __________________________________________________________ I dream _______________________________________________________ I hope _________________________________________________________ I am (ethnic group) ______________________________________________ © Brain Wrinkles Directions:: Imagine that you are a member of one of Africa’s ethnic groups (Arab, Ashanti, Bantu, or Swahili). Complete the graphic organizer below with information relating to your group. This is the rough draft. You will need to rewrite your poem on a sheet of copy paper. If time, illustrate your poem Ethnic Group Poem Brainstorm

TEACHER INFO: Comprehension Check
Print off the Comprehension Check for each student. The students will complete this handout at the end of the lesson. You can count this as a quiz! © Brain Wrinkles

1. What is a community of people sharing a common culture, ancestry, customs, and language known as? 2. What do members of a religious group have in common? 3. What are the two main religious groups in Africa? 4. What religion did Arab traders bring with them to Africa? 5. Most African languages can be traced to which ethnic group? 6. Where do most Ashanti live? 7. About how many people in Africa today are part of the Bantu culture? 8. Which ethnic group has a sacred “Golden Stool”? 9. The majority of the Swahili people practice which religion? 10. The Swahili language has ties to what other languages? © Brain Wrinkles Comprehension Check Africa’s Ethnic Groups

TEACHER INFO: TICKET OUT THE DOOR
Print off the exit slip page for each student. (There are two-per-page.) Have students write 3-5 “clues” about one of the ethnic groups (but don’t write the group’s name). The next day, begin class by having students share their clues and have their peers guess the ethnic group. You can do this in partners, groups, or with the entire class. © Brain Wrinkles

Who Am I? Who Am I? HELLO HELLO
Name: Name: Who Am I? Who Am I? On the name tag below, write 3-5 clues about a person who belongs to one of the ethnic groups we studied. Don’t write the person’s ethnic group because your classmates are going to guess the one it is based on your description! On the name tag below, write 3-5 clues about a person who belongs to one of the ethnic groups we studied. Don’t write the person’s ethnic group because your classmates are going to guess the one it is based on your description! HELLO HELLO My name is… My name is… © Brain Wrinkles © Brain Wrinkles

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