1. Introduction to Linguistics
Language contact
Introduction to Linguistics

2. Pidgin/creole languages
Language contact
borrowing
Language shift
Language death
Pidgin/creole languages

3. Superstratum language
In terms of power
Superstratum language
Substratum language

4. In terms of power
Adstratum Language A
Adstratum Language B

5. BORROWING

6. Lexical borrowing French Court, passion, saint Latin Data, item, veto
Native American languages
Chipmunk, igloo, kayak, moose, totem.
Spanish
Cafeteria, plaza, tornado
Chinese ?

7. Phonological borrowing
French
Garage, rouge, treasure, leisure

8. diglossia

9. Two distinct varieties of the same language in a speech community
Diglossia
Two distinct varieties of the same language in a speech community
High (H) variety
Low (L) variety

10. H=High prestige L=Low prestige Diglossia
H variety is not used in daily conversation
L=Low prestige
H and L are used in complementary situations.

11. Latin Arabic German Example: H=Classic Latin L=Vulgar Latin
H=Classical Arabic
L=Colloquial Arabic
German
H=high German
L=low German

12. Code-switching

13. Code switching Alternative use between two or more languages.
Discuss homework in Mandarin Chinese and English

14. Why switches codes?
Identity /solidarity/social distance
Status
Topic

15. TO THE END OF A LANGUAGE

16. Language shift
Endangered language
Language death

17. Migrant minorities Language shift for practical reasons
Job
Education
Business
Pressure from the host society
Language shift is expected
A sign of successful assimilation

18. Questions?