1. The series of stem cell Season Ⅱ
Bmi1, stem cells, and senescence regulation
111회 lab seminar
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2. Stem cells possess three fundamental properties
They must self-renew, allowing the maintenance of the original stem cell population.
stem cells must be able to differentiate into multiple types of mature cells
Total number of stem cells is strictly regulated via both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms, resulting in the stability of a stable stem cell pool

3. A stem cell is an unspecialized cell type

4. Self renewal signal of HSC

5. Stem cells and senescence
※ What is senescence?
Senescence is a state in which a cell no longer has the ability to proliferate.
※ The Hypothesis of Cellular senescence
1. Histone deacetylase inhibitors, which decondense chromatin and activate the transcription of some genes induce a senescence-like state in human fibroblasts suggesting that conversion of some heterochromatin to euchromatin may be a feature of replicative senescence
2. Chromatin condensation and subsequent downregulation of certain genes might regulate senescence.

6. Postulated Bmi1 targets
Postulated Bmi1 targets. Extrinsic signals for a stem cell to self-renew result in elevation of the Bmi1 level in stem cells.

7. Role of Bmi1 in stem cell self-renewal

8. Chart of major signaling pathways

9. Bmi1 and senescence

10. G1-S phase transition

11. Future directions
Bmi1 could be used as a molecular target to induce senescence in cancer stem cells
Transplantation approch

12. Our approach Stem cells have similar properties with tumor cells
So What kind of HERVs are expressed in stem cells and tumor cells?
If HERVs are expressed , do they differ or ….?
And so on…

13. 111 Hit!! Thank U