1. State of the Gap: By the Numbers
Fatma Abdel-Raouf, Ph.D.
Goldey-Beacom College

3. The Gender Pay Gap: Why So Many Numbers?
Source: Google Image
You probably heard different female-to-male earnings ratio cited in different sources: 79%, 82.5%, and 85%. So why these different ratios? It depends on the definition of income used in the calculation. In 2014, all these ratios are correct.

4. The Gender Pay Gap: Why So Many Numbers?
Definition of income used
16 years and older
25 years and older
Median annual earnings
79%
79.4%
Median weekly earnings
82.5%
81.6%
Median hourly earnings, paid hourly rates
84.6%
85.7%

5. Female/Male Earnings Ratio Over Time: Where is the Progress?
: the F/M earnings ratio ↑ for 15 years, from 62% in 1979 to 77% in 1993.
1994 – 1997: the F/M earnings ratio ↓ from 76% in 1994 to 74.5% in 1997.
1998 – 2005: the F/M earnings ratio ↑ from 76% in 1998 to 81% in 2005.
2006 – 2008: the F/M earnings ratio ↓ from 81% in 2006 to 80% in 2008.
2009 – 2011: the F/M earnings ratio ↑ from 80% in 2009 to 82% in 2011.
2012: the F/M earnings ratio ↓ to 81%.
2013 – 2014: the F/M earnings ratio ↑ to 83% in 2014.
2015: the F/M earnings ratio ↓ to 81%.

6. Widening the Gender Pay Gap: The Impact of the Wage Growth Rate:
Time Period
F/M Earnings growth rate ratio
F/M Earnings ratio
Females' earnings grew at a faster rate than males in every single year
F/M earnings ratio increased in every single year
Males' earnings grew at a faster rate than females in every single year
F/M earnings ratio decreased in every single year
2001
2012
2015
Source: Google Image

7. Widening the Gender Pay Gap: The Impact of the Wage Growth Rate:

8. How wide-spread is the gender pay gap is?
Source: Google Image
The gender pay gap exists across the board and for all demographics. It exists regardless of race, age group, marital status, or educational background.

9. Gender Pay Gap by Race:

10. Gender Pay Gap by Race: White Female % of White Males Black Male
81%
Black Male
74%
Black Female
67%
Hispanic Male
69%
Hispanic Female
62%
Asian Male
123%
Asian Female
95%
Source: Google Image

11. Gender Pay Gap by Age Group:

12. Gender Pay Gap by Marital Status:

13. Gender Pay Gap by Educational Attainment:

14. The Gender Pay Gap in Management Jobs:
Source: Google Image

15. General and Operations Managers:
Source: Google Image

16. Marketing and Sales Managers:
Source: Google Image

17. Human Resources Managers
Financial Managers

18. The Female/Male Earnings Ratio in Professional Jobs:

19. The Female/Male Employment Ratio in Professional Jobs:

24. Gender Pay Gap by States: IWPR Report: 2014 Top and Bottom 10 States, F/M Earnings Ratio

26. Top and Bottom 5 States for Women’s Losses Over Their Working Life, 2014:
Source:

27. Women's Losses Over their Working Life, 2014
Source: Google Image
Source:

28. 2015 Poverty Rates and Gender Gap:
The gender gap exists in poverty rates as well.

29. Gender Pay Gap and Poverty: IWPR Report

30. Gender Pay Gap and Poverty: IWPR Report

31. Gender Pay Gap and Economic Growth: IWPR Report

32. How long does it Take to Achieve Gender Pay Equality?
Source: Google Image
Long time! Many women might not see it during their lifetimes. Baby boomer generation might not see gender pay equality in their lifetime and so is generation X. Millennials might see gender pay equality during their life time.

33. How long does it Take to Achieve Gender Pay Equality?
Using a linear projection and the median weekly earnings,
If F/M earnings ratio grows at the same rate as it did from to 2015, we will achieve gender pay equality in 2047.
If F/M earnings ratio grows at the same rate as it did from to 2015, we will achieve gender pay equality in 2064.
If F/M earnings ratio grows at the same rate as it did from to 2015, we will achieve gender pay equality in 2071.
Using annual real income from 1960 to 2014, IWPR estimated that we will achieve gender pay equality in 2059.

34. First and Last 5 States to Close the Gender Gap, IWPR Projection

35. How long does it Take to Achieve Gender Pay Equality?

36. Educational Attainment By State and Gender 2013
U.S. DE MD NJ PA
Less than High School Diploma
Women
13%
12%
10%
11%
Men
14%
High School Diploma or Equivalent
27%
30%
25%
29%
36%
32%
37%
Some College or Associate Degree
24%
28%
26%
22%
Bachelor's Degree or Higher
38%

37. Educational Background of Wilmington, DE Population in 2014 by Gender

38. F/M Earnings Ratio By Education in Wilmington, DE in 2014

39. Poverty Rates for Wilmington, DE in 2014

40. Women's Losses Over Their Working Life By Education in Wilmington, DE in 2014
Source: Google Image