1. Beginning of the Year Review
Show what you know . . .

2. The Basic Sentence
All sentences contain two basic elements- a subject and a verb.
The subject answers the questions Who? or What? before the verb.
The verb tells what the subject does, what is done to the subject, or the subject’s condition.
S V
Example: Jackie runs.

3. Sentence Structure A simple sentence contains 1 independent clause.
It also contains a subject and a verb.
Example: [This book is good] independent clause

4. Sentence Structure
A compound sentence consists of 2 or more independent clauses.
Compound sentences are joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS).
Example: [This book is good] , and [I will finish it today.]

5. Sentence Structure
A complex sentence contains one independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses.
A subordinate clause contains a subject and a verb, but cannot stand alone (example: If I go,)
subordinate clause
Example: (If I finish this book,) [I will bring it to you.] independent clause

6. Sentence Structure
A compound-complex sentence consists of 2 or more independent clauses and one or more subordinate clause.
subordinate clause independent clause
Example: (If I bring it to you,) [I will let you borrow it] ,but [I am afraid of not getting it back.] independent clause

7. Sentence Structure Practice
Determine the sentence structure of the following sentences.
As soon as I got the letter, I read the instructions, and I knew that I wanted to go.
* compound-complex
2. Have you found the map?
* simple
3. This situation is confusing, but I hope to have clarification soon.
* compound
4. If I visit the county fair, I will buy a funnel cake.
* complex

8. The 4 Functions of Sentences
Declarative- states an idea and ends with a period
Carrollton has a population of 24,000.
Interrogative- asks a question and ends with a question mark
What do you expect to learn?

9. The 4 Functions of Sentences
Imperative- gives an order or a directions; ends with a period or an exclamation mark
Clean your room, now!
Turn to chapter 26.
Exclamatory- Conveys a strong emotion and ends with an exclamation mark
This stinks!

10. Nouns A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. There are 4 types:
Compound- two nouns put together to make one
ex. football, ice age, father-in-law
Common- person, place, thing, idea, or concept

11. Nouns Proper- specific name of a noun ex. Mrs. Atcheson,Georgia
Collective- one word/noun to represent a group
ex. team, flock

12. How would you classify the underlined noun in the following sentences?
James Patterson is easily one of my favorite authors.
proper
A company of dancers will entertain us first.
collective
The library at Carrollton Junior High will close at 4:00 p.m.
common
To do well at our game, we will need a lot of teamwork.
compound

13. Pronouns A pronoun takes the place/replaces a noun.
Antecedent – word the pronoun takes the place of in the sentence

14. Pronouns Kinds of Pronouns
Personal- refer to the person speaking, the person spoken to, or thing spoken about
Demonstrative- point out a specific noun
this, that, these, those
Relative-begins a subordinate clause
that, which, who, whom, whose
Interrogative- begins a question
what, which, who, whom, whose
Indefinite – not specific

15. How would you classify the underlined pronoun in the following sentences?
Mr. Phillips accepted his award with dignity.
3rd person personal
That is the last piece of cake!
Demonstrative
No one really knows that Mrs. Ogles has magic powers.
Indefinite
Mrs. Allen is the person who is in charge today.
Relative
Who knows how old Dr. Simpson is?
Interrogative

16. Verbs A verb shows action.
Visible or mental
Linking Verbs- connects a noun or pronoun at or near the beginning of a sentence with a word at or near the end.
Helping Verbs- added before another verb
Help create a verb phrase

17. How would you classify the underlined verb in the following sentences?
She felt sick after she ate rotten bananas.
linking
Her mother felt her head to see if she had a temperature.
action
They had felt for splinters in the stray cat’s foot.
helping

18. Adjectives – describe nouns or pronouns
Adjectives answer these 4 questions:
What kind? white fence
Which one? this photo
How many? two snacks
How much? enough time

19. Adverbs – modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
Answers 1 of 4 questions:
Where? jogged here
When? arrive tonight
In what manner? smiled happily
To what extent? hardly know

20. Identify the adverb in the following sentences…
She tearfully accepted the award.
tearfully
He has never asked for much help.
never
My science teacher is a very friendly person.
very
I jog weekly.
weekly
Last Saturday, I thoroughly cleaned our bathrooms.
thoroughly
We live close to the school.
close

21. Prepositions
Prepositions relates the noun or pronoun following it to another word in the sentence.
A Prepositional Phrase BEGINS with a preposition and ENDS with an Object of Preposition.

22. Conjunctions 3 Types . . . Coordinating Correlative Subordinating
F A N B O Y S
May look for comma before in some cases
Correlative
Subordinating
Begins a subordinate clause (has subject and verb, but is dependent)

23. In the following sentences, tell what type of conjunction the underlined word is . . .
She not only won first prize, but she also went on to the regional competition.
correlative
Please go to the store and then straight home.
coordinating
Will Zeke or Kendall be going with us?
Whether you like it or not, you will clean your room!
Neither Grandma nor Grandpa can drive anymore.

24. Interjections Expresses feeling and emotion
Some types of emotion that might be shown . . .
Surprise
Joy
Pain
Impatience
Hesitation
Anger
Functions independently from the rest of the sentence and is set off from the rest of the sentence with an exclamation mark or a comma.

25. In the following sentences, tell what emotion the underlined word is showing . . .
Ouch! I caught my finger in the door.
pain
Wow! I am so excited you are here.
joy
Hey! I have told you not to do that!
anger
Yuck! I don’t like that at all.
dislike
Whew! I am so glad that meeting is over.
relief