1. Price and volume measures for education
Overview of EU legal requirements
26-27 May 2005

2. Features of education
Delivered both as market and non-market output -> requires consistent methods for both
Individual services, though often consumed in groups
Quality issues similar for market and non-market output
26-27 May 2005

3. Definition of education output
“The quantity of teaching received by the students, adjusted to allow for the qualities of the services provided, for each type of education”
Quantity of teaching received can be measured by “pupil-hours”
Stratification by type of education is important to apply proper cost weights
26-27 May 2005

4. Required stratification
Pre-school
Primary education
Lower secondary education
Upper secondary education
Higher education (plus breakdown by subject)
Other education
26-27 May 2005

5. Quality changes Possible indicators:
Outcome-based, eg examination results or standard assessment test
Direct measurement, eg school inspections
Input related indicators, such as pupil/teacher ratios -> needs proper justification
26-27 May 2005

6. A and B methods A methods: B methods:
Quality-adjusted pupil-hours with appropriate stratification
For market services, use of appropriate output price index
B methods:
Non-quality adjusted pupil-hours in the required stratification
For market services, less appropriate price indices (eg non-quality adjusted)
26-27 May 2005

7. C methods: Input methods (eg number of teacher hours)
Methods without sufficient stratification or incomplete coverage
26-27 May 2005