1. TEETH DO NOT LOOK LIKE CHICLETS

2. Permanent dentition
32 teeth total
16 maxillary
16 mandibular
8 in each quadrant
12 anteriors
20 posterior

3. 6 sextants
2 anterior (maxillary
And mandibular)
4 posterior (upper left
and right; lower left
and right

4. Quadrants
Maxillary left
Maxillary right
Mandibular left
Mandibular right

5. NAMES OF PERMANENT TEETH

6. PERMANENT DENTITION LANDMARKS
OCCLUSAL SURFACE
FOSSA:
CENTRAL
TRIANGULAR
GROOVES:
DEVELOPMENTAL
CENTRAL BUCCAL
MARGINAL LINGUAL
RIDGES:
MARGINAL
TRANSVERSAL
OBLIQUE
PITS:
DEVELOPMENT
CUSPS
FURCATION:
BIFURCATED
TRIFURCATED
LOBES

8. LONG AXIS OF A TOOTH

17. EMBRASURES

20. PERMANENT, SUCCEDANEOUS DENTITION
NOMENCLATURE
UNIVERSAL
PALMER
INTERNATIONAL FDI

24. Characteristics: Function to cut and speech
Upper Centrals have conical root with a distal tip, mamelons
on incisal edge distal proximal wall is convex with a curved DI edge, mesial
proximal wall is straight with a MI 90* edge, prominent cingulum with a deep
lingual pit surrounded by prominent marginal ridges
Lower centrals narrowest of all permanent teeth, straight incisal edge, root curves
to the distal, roots have radicular groove

25. Characteristics: Function to cut, upper and lower lateral roots tip to the
Distal. The DI on upper and lower crown are curved while the MI is 90*.
The upper and lower cingulum leans distally. There is a radicular groove
on the root of both upper and lower

26. Characteristics: Function to hold and tear. The upper canine has the
Longest root of all teeth. These teeth are called the cornerstones of
the oral cavity. The distal proximal are curved on both the upper and
Lower canines. The mesial proximal is more straight. There is a concavity
On the distal proximal near the CEJ. On the incisal edge the distal edge
Is longer the mesial from the proximal to the central cusp and the mesial
Is higher than the distal side.
The distal proximal sides from the incisal view is more pointy then the
Rounded mesial on the uppers. The lower incisal view is wider facially to
Lingually than mesial to distal.

27. Characteristics: function to pierce and tear
Characteristics: function to pierce and tear. The upper and lowers are taller
From the cusp tip to the CEJ than mesial to distal. There is a wide buccal
Ridge down the facial with deep developmental grooves. The uppers have
2 roots and lean mesially. The lower root leans distally. There is a mesial
Concavity on both the upper and lowers at the CEJ. The Distal side on the incisal edge is longer than the mesial from the proximal to the central cusp and is more
Angular than the rounded mesial. The buccal cusps is taller than the lingual
Cusp on both upper and lowers . The buccal wall is more convex than the
Lingual wall on the lowers. From the occlusal view the uppers are trapezoid
Shape and the lowers are triangular shaped. There is a deep mesial pit that
Extends proximally on the lowers

28. Charateristics: Function to pierce and tear
Charateristics: Function to pierce and tear. The uppers facial view is taller
Than wide. The distal is more rounded than the flatter mesial side from
the occlusal view. The upper is ovoid shaped while the lower is square shape
from the occlusal view. There are 2 triangular ridges on the occlusal table.
The upper roots have a radicular groove. Both roots lean distally
The upper lingual cusp leans meisally from the occlusal view
There are prominent buccal ridge on the lowers while the uppers do not have this
The lowers have a buccal wall this is very convex while the lingual wall is flat
The buccal cusp is taller than the 2 lingual cusp on the lowers
The lowers have a U, Y or H pattern on the occlusal view with the grooves and pits

29. Characteristics: Function to grind. There is a prominent buccal groove
On both the upper and lower on the facial view. The crowns are wider than
They are taller on both the upper and lowers. The upper has the largest
Occlusal table and has a distinct oblique ridge with and transverse ridge
All cusp on both the upper and lower are of the same height, except for the 5th cusp of Carabelli
On the uppers. The DB cusp on the lower is the widest of all lower cups.
There are 3 roots on the uppers with the lingual being the longest. The lowers
Have 2 roots that curve distally with the mesial root more curvature.
The lowers have 5 cusps with the Distal being the smallest with 2 distinct
Transversal ridge across the table. The lower is Pentagon shape from the
occlusal view. The lowers are more convex on the buccal wall. There is a distinct V shaped notch on the proximal at the occlusal surface

30. Characteristics. Function to grind
Characteristics. Function to grind. The tooth is wider than it is tall at the
Crown on both upper and lowers. The mesial cusp is larger on both the facial
and lingual on the uppers. All the upper cusps tips are more pointy then lowers
The upper has 3 roots that are converge together and lean distally with
The lingual root being the longest There is a distinct oblique ridge on the
Occlusal table.
The lowers have lingual cusp more rounded then the buccal cusps
The lower has 2 roots. There are 4 cusps on the square occlusal table.
The mesial proximal side is more straight than the curved distal proximal
There is a distinct deep supplemental groove on the mesial pit on the
Occlusal table. The grooves make a “T” formation on the occlusal view

31. Characteristics: Smaller than 2nd molar, more rounded, crowns
Are bulbuous, roots are shorter. Could have 1 – 5 roots .
There are many supplemental grooves on occlusal table which
Make for a wrinkled appearance. There are no lingual grooves on the
Lingual view.
The uppers are heart shaped
The lowers have 2-8 roots that are fused leaning distally. The lowers
Have 4 cusps and resembles the lower second molar

32. REVIEW FOR GRACE’S MIDTERM 27 QUESTIONS
OSHA
Treating the water lines
INFECTIONS
Types of immunity
Hepatitis B transmission
Herpes transmission
MUSCLES
Moveable and non movable
Types : involuntary vs voluntary
Muscles of mastication, facial express, soft palate and hyoid bone
BONES
Types of bone
Bones of the face, cranium
Foramens
SALIVARY GLANDS
Glands and their ducts
Location of the ducts
SINUS
Where are the ethmoid, frontal and maxillary
PRIMARY TEETH
Which resemble permanent dentition
PERMANENT TEETH
Unique features of the permanent dentition
Number of roots, which are longer
The number of cusps

33. DON’T PANIC DURING MIDTERMS