1. The OE vocabulary and its etymological characteristics
Native words
Borrowings
Common IE
Common Germanic
West Germanic
Specifically OE
Celtic
Latin
Norse

2. Common IE
Nouns:
fæder, mōdor, dohtor, sweostar, sunu
heorte, nosu, tōð, fōt
Adjectives:
- rea:d, mycel, nīwe
Numerals
Pronouns: ic, þū, wē, sē, hwā
Verbs: standan, sittan, etan, bēōn

3. Common Germanic:
hēāfod, hand, finger
cealf
gear, wicu, tīma, dæg, sumor
hūs, rum
grēn, bleo
lŷtel, hēāh
hīēran, sēōn, sprecan

4. Specifically OE:
wimman (wīf + mann)
hlāford (hlāf +weard)
ealne weg (eal + weg)

5. Word-formation
simple words
derived words
compound words

6. Ways of word formation Derivation Word composition Prefixation
Suffixation
Verbs
(Nouns, adjectives)
Nouns adjectives

7. Prefixes ā-, be-, for-, fore-, ge-, ofer-, un- gān – go
ā-gān – go away
be- gān – go round
fore- gān – precede
ofergān – pass over

8. Noun suffixes -end (frēond) (dead suffix) –ere:
fiscere, bōcere (fisher, baker)
Feminine of –ere - –ester
webbestre
dōm, scipe, hād

9. Noun suffixes þ: lang- lengþu –ing: cyning, Centing strong – strengþu
Ung/-ing
wilnian – wilnung

10. Suffixes to form adjectives
ig (hālig)
-isc (English)
-ede (hōcede- hooked)
-sum
-en
- lic
- lic + -e turned the adjective into an adverb frēondlic- frēondlice.

11. Adjectives used as suffixes:
full
lēas – “deprived of” (less): sāwollēas
(lifeless)

12. Word composition eorþcræft – geometry hūsbonda hāligdæg
– gōdspel – gospel (spel – tidings –news),
sunnandæg – sun’s +day

13. 1. What are the three etymological layers that compose the OE vocabulary?
1. Point out 3 levels of Latin borrowing into OE.

14. 2. What was the most productive way of word derivation in OE?
2. What are the means of enriching vocabulary in any language?

15. Loan words (borrowings)
Latin borrowings – 2 layers:
before the migration of the Germanic tribes to the British Isles and then through Celtic
religious vocabulary
Celtic borrowings

16. OE in Modern English 24, 000 different lexical items in OE corpus
About 85 per cent of OE words are no longer in use now
3 per cent of the words in OE are loan words
Today 70 per cent are loan words

17. 50% of loan words are Latin and French
influx

18. Anglo-Saxon vocabulary today
grammatical words
lexical words
affixes (mis-, un-, -ness, -less)
million-word Brown University corpus
Scandinavian: they are
Romance: 105 (just)
and (people).