1. Aspiration Pneumonia and Related Syndromes
Augustine S. Lee, MD, Jay H. Ryu, MD 
Mayo Clinic Proceedings 
Volume 93, Issue 6, Pages (June 2018)
DOI: /j.mayocp
Copyright © 2018 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

2. Figure
Schematic of the anatomic barriers and protective defenses before gastroesophageal refluxate can reach the lungs and cause disease. LES = lower esophageal sphincter; UES = upper esophageal sphincter; ↓ = factor protective against aspiration; ↑ = factor favoring aspiration and disease.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings  , DOI: ( /j.mayocp )
Copyright © 2018 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions