1. Altered tryptophan metabolism and CKD-associated fatigue
Henricus A.M. Mutsaers, Rosalinde Masereeuw, Peter Olinga 
Kidney International 
Volume 86, Issue 5, Pages (November 2014)
DOI: /ki
Copyright © 2014 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Tryptophan metabolism and alterations in CKD patients. (a) Schematic overview of tryptophan metabolism. Chemical structures were obtained from the Human Metabolome Database ( (b, c) Tryptophan (trp) levels and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity were determined as described previously.4 Plasma samples were obtained from healthy volunteers (n=3), nondialysis CKD patients (CRF; n=4), or dialysis patients (ESRD; n=6). Results are presented as mean±s.e.m. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. *P<0.05 compared with control. CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRF, chronic renal failure; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; kyn, kynurenine.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /ki )
Copyright © 2014 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions