1. Matter
Everything is made up of tiny particles called atoms. (atomic theory)
If the same atoms (like carbon) are connected differently they can make different things (like a diamond or the graphite in a pencil)
If two or more types of atoms are combined, the thing they make up is called a compound.
If something is made up of one type of atom it is an element.

2. Properties of Matter
The amount of space an object takes up is its volume.
Mass is the amount of matter in a solid, liquid, or gas.
Mass can be measured with a balance.
Matter can be metals, metalloids, or non-metals.
Metals are bendable and conduct electricity very well.

3. Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Solid – A substance with a definite shape and definite volume.
Particles are packed closely together. They will be tiny and vibrating but will stay closely-packed and not spread apart.
Liquid – Definite volume but the shape can change.
Gas – No definite volume or shape.
Particles can spread far apart.

4. Mixtures and Solutions
Mixture – things that are mixed together keep their original properties and can be separated back out (like a pizza, or mixing nails and screws).
Solution – a solute is put into a solvent and dissolves and does not settle out. Lemonade is a solution.

5. Changes in Matter
Physical Change – A change in which the materials do not change, just their state of matter, size, etc.
Solid turning to a liquid (melting) is a physical change.
Gas turning to a liquid is condensation, also a physical change.
A liquid becoming a gas is evaporation.
Chopping something into tiny pieces or putting in a blender would just be a physical change.
The average amount of motion in particles of matter is called temperature.
Chemical Change – A new substance is formed.
Burning wood would be a chemical change.
Cooking things normally results in a chemical change.