1. Economic Geology

2. Mineral resources Renewable Non-renewable
Can be replaced in a humans life time
Non-renewable
Limited supply
Can not be replaced in a humans lifetime

3. Ores
Mineral deposit from which a metal or nonmetal can be profitably extracted
Native Elements
Native element minerals are those elements that occur in nature in uncombined form with a distinct mineral structure.

4. Clicker Wood is considered… A renewable resource
A non-renewable resource
Neither
It is not a resource

5. Mineral ores formation
Cooling of magma
When magma cools dense material sink to the bottom
Contact metamorphism
Magma comes in contact with rocks
Rock changes
Dissolve minerals forming veins

6. Mineral ores formation
Placer deposits
accumulation of valuable minerals formed by gravity separation during sedimentary processes.
Dissolving  Precipitating
Water dissolves minerals
Water evaporates and minerals precipitate out

7. Homework
Study Table 11-1 (p. 197). Name 4 metallic minerals and 4 non-metallic minerals that you have used in the last few days and describe what they were used for.

8. Mining video Revised definition of a ore:
Any mineral or MATERIAL that has economic value

9. Types of ores mined from Earth
Metallic
Copper
Gold
Silver
Graphite
Non-metallic
Diamonds/ gemstones
Salt
Gypsum
Fuel
Oil
Natural gas
Coal
Uranium

10. Michigan common ores Aggregate Halite / Brine Iron ore Copper
Sand, gravel
Used for construction
Halite / Brine
Salt/ Salt water
Used for food
Deicing (lowers freezing point of water)
Iron ore
Used for industry
Copper
Wires
Coins

11. Fossil fuels Organic material that has stored energy
Made of hydrocarbons (consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon)

12. Clicker
Aggregate is an important ore. Is it a mineral?

13. Fossil fuels non-renewable
Can not be replaced in our lifetime
MILLIONS OF YEARS to form
When fossil fuels are burned
Combustion reaction
CO2 and H2O vapor

14. Negative impacts
Mining/ processing
Fossil fuels

15. Fuel resources Coal: Uses: Efficiency: Environmental effects:
Carbonization: dense forests in low-lying wetland areas, buried under mud and soil.
Uses:
Primarily burned for electricity
Efficiency:
<47%
Environmental effects:
Acid rain from high sulfur content
Greenhouse gases
Smog

16. Fuel resources Crude oil: Uses: Efficiency: Environmental effects:
formed when large quantities of dead organisms, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and subjected to intense heat and pressure.
Uses:
Transportation
Petroleum products
Efficiency:
<67%
Environmental effects:
Greenhouse gasses
Oil spills
Drilling

17. Fuel resources Natural gas: Uses: Efficiency: Environmental effects:
formed when layers of buried plants and animals are exposed to intense heat and pressure over thousands of years.
Uses:
ranges and ovens, gas-heated dryers, heating
Efficiency:
<90%
Environmental effects:
Greenhouse gasses

18. Fuel resources Uranium: Uses: Efficiency: Environmental effects:
Radioactive element, mined as a ore.
Uses:
Nuclear fission
Splitting of a nucleus of an atom
Power
Efficiency:
<99%
Environmental effects:
Radioactive waste
Mining

19. Clicker question
Which fossil fuel has the highest efficiency?
Natural gas
Oil
Uranium
Coal

20. Nuclear energy