1. Earth observation for monitoring and assessment of the environmental impact of energy use

2. Energy demand will continue to grow
WP7 Project Management

3. Project background
Environmental issues increase in complexity and scale!
Complexity & Scale
Indoor AQ
Urban AQ
Acid Rain
Eutro-fication
PM & health
Ozone
Climate change

4. Project objectives
A reliable and sustainable energy supply is a major challenge for Europe, and meeting our energy needs in a sustainable way will be the main challenge of the 21st century EnerGEO develops a strategy for a global assessment of current and future impacts of the exploitation of energy resources on the environment and ecosystems based on the use of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) capacities. This strategy is demonstrated for a variety of energy resources worldwide (fossil fuels, biomass, solar and wind energy). EnerGEO combines: 1. Existing energy system models and environmental impact models 2. Existing global earth observation data sets from which environmental impact indicators as well as energy potential parameters are deduced.
Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up

5. Project objectives
4 Pilots were selected for testing and demonstrating the observation system and developed scenarios:
Fossil fuels: impact on atmospheric composition and land degradation
Biomass: impact on ecosystems, biodiversity and food security
Solar energy: select optimum power plant locations and support electricity grid integration
Wind: assess the potential (net) energy, assess environmental impacts of the substitution of fossil energy by wind power
all pilot outputs will be converted into Environmental Impact Assessments and tentatively integrated through the Platform Integrated Assessment (PIA)
Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up

6. Project logic
Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up

7. GEO Context
EnerGEO represents a major contribution of the European Commission to GEOSS, in particular to the Societal Benefit Area (SBA) Energy and the GEO-tasks
EN-01 (Energy and Geo-Resources Management) and
SB-05 (Impact Assessment of Human Activities)
By developing a distributed system based on the recommendations of the GEO-Architecture and Data Committee (ADC), global collection and dissemination of data relating to the impact of energy use on the environment will be supported.
Contributions to AIP6
Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up
The SBAs of GEOSS

8. Biomass - Energy potentials
G4M is used to produce global energy potentials from forestry
EPIC is used to produce global energy potentials from crops
BETHY/DLR uses remote sensing data to derive regional energy potentials from forestry and crops.
Europe
Pakistan
Uganda
Specific attention to validation based on in-situ data
LIDAR assessments
Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up
Energy potentials from forests as computed with the G4M model. Values in TJ/y/grid cell of 0.5x0.5º. White: no forest. Red: tropical forests and savannahs. 9

9. Solar energy: Siting support
The aim of this part of the solar energy pilot is to provide a web service with information on the best locations to build a solar park. Inputs used are solar radiation, land use, population density, infrastructure, electricity grid, etc. Output is available as maps and as location-specific raster diagrams.
Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up
Left: examples of input maps (electric grid, population, irradiance) to calculate best sites to locate a solar power plant.
Right: example of output of the web service: map with potential for solar power plants and raster diagram for one location.

10. Wind - LCA Results:
Configuration selected: 20 years life time; 40 turbines; high maintenance; high failure rate; fixed & floating foundations.
Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up

11. Technology assessment in energy supply systems
Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up
Power demand
Conventional power plants
Nuclear, coal
CCGT, gas
Storage
Pumped hydro
Compressed Air Energy Storage
Hydrogen
Demand Side Management
Industry & households
(ongoing research)
Electric vehicles
Heat demand
DC - Transmission
Overhead lines or earth cables
AC - Transmission
Simplified representation of the current high voltage grid x
BEV/EREV: different charging strategies, V2G.
Battery capacity of the vehicle fleet in temporal resolution.
FCEV: flexible on-site H2-generation
Flex. CHP-operation:
heat storage
- Peak load boilers
Renewable power generation potentials
Optimisation module REMix
Least-cost power supply, spatially and temporally explicit
Model
Results: Strategies for
power generation & storage
More up-to-date figure will be presented at GA in Vienna.

12. Fossil Fuels – Energy Transition
Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up
Fossil fuel use in power generation will change considerably, impacting temporal variability which is currently neglected in impact assessments

13. Fossil Fuels – Energy Transition
Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up
When change in emission timing is included, power plant pollution is more persistent

14. PIA – Energy Scenarios
Four energy scenarios for Europe are defined and will be assessed in the PIA
Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up
Fig. ‘Open Europe’ energy scenario, characterised by a relatively large share of electricity from biomass, calculated with the GAINS model.

15. Mercury emissions relative to 2005
PIA – Energy Scenarios
Four energy scenarios for Europe are defined and will be assessed in the PIA
Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up
Mercury emissions relative to 2005
Renewable energy policies induce extensive co-benefits for mercury abatement due to restructuring of energy system and changes in fuel-mix

16. Platform for Integrated Assessment: PIA
Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up

17. EnerGEO portal – link to GEOSS
Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up
EnerGEO Portal Architecture is linked to GEOSS Common Infrastructure (GCI)

18. EnerGEO portal extended to knowledge portal
Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up
Example of web service available through EnerGEO portal: Climate change impact of solar panels (CO2 / KWh)

19. Unlocking the renewable energy potentials for Africa
Summer School
Unlocking the renewable energy potentials for Africa
Makarere University, Uganda, March 4 – 13, 2013
Presentation by Peter Zeil at 13:10
WP6 Dissemination

20. Future research needs Application of EO data are many, …
Quantification of added value of EO data
Expansion to
Global data sets
Other renewable and FF sources (Geothermal, Shale gas)
full suite of technologies (solar, wind)
Renewable energy modelling should be developed further
Include direct impacts of renewables in integrated assessment (broader focus than avoided FF)
Assess impacts land use change and biofuels
Fossil fuel impacts should be assessed in more detail as their role will change, but remain important for the next decades.
Harmonize fate and impact factors in scenario based assessments and LCA.
Integration and connection to developments in other sectors
Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up
WP7 Project Management

21. Utrecht, the Netherlands
Thank you
EnerGEO final event
24 & 25 October, 2013
Utrecht, the Netherlands