1. Chapter 1 Health: The Foundation of Life

2. Health and Wellness
Good health: enables one to function adequately and independently in changing environments
Optimal wellness: A sense that one is functioning at one’s best level

3. The Components of Health
Physical Health – Overall condition of the organ systems
Psychological (Mental) Health – Ability to deal effectively with the psychological challenges of life
Social Health – Sense of well being from forming supportive and stimulating relationships
Intellectual Health – Ability to problem solve and use higher-order thinking to deal with life’s challenges
Spiritual Health – Belief that one’s life has purpose
Environmental Health – The conditions where one lives, works, and plays

4. The Components of Health
Study this image.
Write down 3 observations.
Share with a partner

5. Tracking the Nation’s Health
Causes of death
Certain diseases
Life expectancy
Age, gender, and race
Tracking the Nation’s Health

7. 1900: Newborn babies were expected to live about 50 years
2017: Newborn babies are expected to live about 78 years
Life Expectancy
What’s Changed?
Vaccines
Access to health care
Preventative efforts
Prenatal care

8. Healthy People 2020: Primary Goals
Attain high quality, longer lives free from preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. 01
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. 02
Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. 03
Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors. 04

9. Minority Health Disparities
A minority group is one in which members of the group differ from the social majority based on:
Ethnicity
Race
Gender
Wealth
Sexual orientation
Overall a person’s health is most influenced by:
Income level
Health insurance coverage
Educational attainment
Years living in the United States
Individuals who achieve a higher level of education usually have higher incomes and better health than those with less education.

10. Genetics
Genes are units of heredity passed from parent to child and can determine some of the child’s characteristics
Mistakes or mutations in the genetic code can result in disease and even death.
Most of the 10 leading causes of death in the United States, particularly heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease, have a genetic component.

11. Understanding Health Behavior
Why do some people adopt more positive health-related behaviors than others? What motivates our health behavior?
Many factors influence our health behavior, including:
Personal beliefs and values
Perceived needs and barriers
Self-efficacy
Perceived vulnerability
Perception of control
Cultural and societal influences

12. Stages of Behavior Change

13. Decision-Making Model

14. Your Own Healthy Habits
What are 3 positive health behaviors that you have adopted?
What are negative behaviors that you would like to resolve?

15. The Goals of Prevention
Prevention of diseases, infections, injuries, birth defects, and other serious health conditions.
Prevention is viewed as a better and less costly option than treatment.
In addition to engagement in healthy behavior (e.g., regular exercise), routine health care is also important.
The Goals of Prevention

16. Routine Health Recommendations

17. Analyzing Health Information
Health information is abundant and is distributed through many sources, including articles, ads, infomercials, and websites.
To determine credibility of health information, use a model such as the analysis model.
Answering questions using the analysis model can help identify inaccuracies, biases, or motives.
Analyzing Health Information

18. Analysis Model
Which statements are verifiable facts, and which are unverified statements or value claims?
Ignore anecdotes and testimonials
Look for Disclaimers
What are the credentials of the person who makes health-related claims? Does this person have the appropriate background and education in the topic area? What can you do to check the person’s credentials?
What might be the motives and biases of the person making the claims?
What is the main point of the article, ad, or claim? Which information is relevant to the issue, main point, product, or service? Which information is irrelevant?
Is the source reliable? What evidence supports your conclusion that the source is reliable or unreliable? Does the source of information present the pros and cons of the topic or the benefits and risks of the product?
Does the source of information attack the credibility of conventional scientists or medical authorities?

19. Example of Misleading Health Information

20. Active Consumerism Activity
Work in groups of 3
Find an ad for a health-related product (drug, exercise equipment, food, supplement, etc.)
1. Evaluate the claims made in the ad for bias and whether or not they are supported by studies
2. Evaluate the ad for misleading or irrelevant information
3. Develop an argument for or against the veracity of the ad
We will present our ads and analyses tomorrow