1. Solids Liquids Gases PHASES OF MATTER
Imagine you are the teacher and you have to arrange the students in a way that represents the three different phases of matter. How would you arrange them to represent a solid? What about a liquid? A gas?
Solids
Liquids
Gases

2. 2

4. Why are they so cold?

5. Why is this snowman melting???

6. Why is the water evaporating?

7. What two phases do you see?
SOLID
What causes this change?
LIQUID

8. A phase change is caused by……
a transfer of energy (heat).

9. What could cause one phase to change to another?
When you add or remove energy from a phase of matter, it changes to another phase
Increases in energy will cause:
Solid to liquid
Liquid to gas 9

10. Decreases in energy will cause: Gas to liquid Liquid to solid10

11. G A S LIQUID SOLID VAPORIZATION CONDENSATION DEPOSITION SUBLIMATION
FREEZING
MELTING
SOLID

12. HEATING CURVE OF WATER

14. ENERGY

15. 15

16. Types of energy transfer

19. CONDUCTION Energy transfer by direct molecular contact
Most common through a solid object
Can occur when a solid object TOUCHES the molecules of another solid, liquid (Metal bar in water) or gas

20. Energy is transferred from hot (high kinetic) to cold (high potential) substances
Rate of transfer is greatest with a larger difference in temperatures

23. Convection Transfer of heat through fluids (liquids, gases and magma)
Results from differences in density within the fluids

24. Convection in Liquids
Convection in Liquids

25. The differences in density could be caused by changes in both temperature and/or pressure

26. Convection in Gases
Convection in Gases

27. Ex: warm air rises, cool air sinks
Creates a CONVECTION CELL

29. Radiation

31. All objects emit radiant energy (heat)
Our Sun emits ALL forms of radiation

33. When the sun is out….what form of energy do you see????
Maximum Energy from the Sun is in the form of Visible Light (Short waves)

34. ….what form of energy do you feel????
Maximum Energy RE-RADIATED from the Earth is in the form of Infrared (longer waves)

35. What color should you not wear on a hot and sunny day?
Black and rough absorbs the best
If it is a good absorber….it is a good radiator (re-radiation)

36. White (shiny) and smooth is the best reflector

37. Why does the inside of your car get so hot during the summer?

38. What is the Greenhouse Effect?

39. Longer, re-radiated waves are trapped inside

40. Gases in the atmosphere (carbon dioxide and water vapor) trap energy from the sun.
Why would sea level rise if the atmosphere gets too hot?

41. Without these gases, heat would escape back into space and Earth’s average temperature would be colder.