1. Beginning and Ending the Speech
Chapter 10

2. The Introduction Introductions have 4 objectives:
Get the attention and interest of your audience
Reveal the topic of your speech
Establish the credibility and goodwill
Preview the body of the speech

3. Get Attention and interest
There are 7 main ways in which to gain attention and interest of your audience
Relate the topic to the audience
Question the audience
State the importance of your topic
Rhetorical Question-Audience answers mentally rather than out loud
Startle the audience
Begin with a quote
Arouse the curiosity of the audience
Tell a story

4. Reveal the Topic Stating the topic in the beginning prevents confusion
Example 1:
Imagine taking a leisurely boat ride along the peaceful waterway. The sun is high in the sky, reflecting brightly off the ripples around you. The banks are lush with mangrove and cypress trees. YOU SEE A STATELY PELICAN RESTING ON A LOW-LYING BRANCH. You grab your camera, snap a shot, and check the result. The picture is perfect. But will it be perfect in the future?
What is this speech about?
Efforts to restore natural beauty to the Florida everglades

5. Reveal the Topic Example 2:
Alligaotrs, panthers, otters, brown peleicans,-these and other creatures have lost over 50% of ther habitat in south florida over the past few decades. Now, however, there is an $8 billon program to preserve their home in the florida everglades. The largest restoration effort in the history of the world , it will rejuvenate one of America’s most diverse ecosystems and protect it for future generations

6. Establish credibility and goodwill
The audience’s perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic
It can be based on first hand knowledge, reading, classes, interviews, and friends
Goodwill
The audience’s perception of whether a speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind

7. Preview the body of the speech
Preview statement:
A statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body
Allows audience to follow along easier
Provides a smooth lead in to the body of the speech
Signals the body of the speech is about to begin

8. Tips for the introduction
Keep introduction brief-no more than 10%-20% of the speech
Be creative-come up with more than 1
Determine main points before finalizing introduction
Delivery with as much eye contact as possible
Do not begin introduction until you and your audience is ready

9. The Conclusion Introductions have 2 major functions:
To let the audience known you are ending the speech
To reinforce the audience’s understanding of, or commitment to, the central idea

10. Signal the end of the speech
Ways to end your speech
Brief cues
/watch?v=Oehry1JC9Rk (1:38)
In conclusion, let me end by saying
Dissolve Ending
Delivery
A conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement
Vary tone, pacing, intonation
Crescendo ending
A conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity
/watch?v=_42_aLGkRpg (31:28)

11. Reinforce the central idea
Ways to reinforce central idea:
Summarize your speech
End with a quote
Make a dramatic statement
Refer to the introduction
You can use one or combine the different ways

12. Tips for the conclusion
Creatively hit the hearts and mind of audience-come up with more than 1
Don’t be long winded-5%-10% of the speech
Work it out in detail and practice it
Make your last impression as forceful as you can