1. Ch 10 Land Use
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2. Impacts Overpopulation

3. Tragedy of the Commons
When a common resource is utilized, eventually it will be destroyed by overuse
Driven By:
Technology
Requirements to be a Common Resource
Examples:

4. Solutions to ToC
Provide an incentive for people to think about long term sustainability
Regulate the resource

5. Protected Areas
Figure 10.4 Protected land and marine areas of the world.

6. Habitat Corridors

7. Deforestation in Bolivia
1984
2000

8. Tropical Deforestation
Slash and burn agriculture
Why?
Problems
Tropical Forest: Top soil layer is extremely thin
Great Plains: Top soil layer is much thicker 8

9. Clear Cutting
Consequences include
Benefits include

10. Types of Fires
Surface Fires – fires that burn on the surface of the forest
Ground Fires – fires that slowly burn under the leaf litter layer
Crown Fires – very hot, dangerous fires that burn the middle and top of trees

11. Areas where fires have been suppressed and fuel has built-up:
Areas that have been allowed to burn regularly and ladder fuel is less available

12. Light Pollution Pollution created by artificial lighting at night.
Creates a variety of health and environmental concerns including:

14. Examples of Good and Bad Lighting
Solutions
Examples of Good and Bad Lighting

15. Noise Pollution
Unwanted, disturbing, or harmful sound that impairs or interferes with hearing, causes stress, hampers concentration and work efficiency or causes accidents.

16. Effects of Noise Pollution
Hearing loss
Hypertension
Muscle tension
Migraines
Headaches
Higher cholesterol levels
Gastric ulcers
Lowers memory
Insomnia
Psychological disorders
Aggression
Heart attack
Stroke

17. Late afternoon temperature (°F) Late afternoon temperature (°C)
Urban Heat Island
92°
85°
Late afternoon temperature (°F)
33°
29°
Late afternoon temperature (°C)
Rural
Suburban
residential
Commercial
Downtown
Urban
Park
farmland 17 17

18. Urban Heat Island

19. Albedo Effect Albedo effect is a measure of reflectivity of surfaces.
City planners can use the albedo effect to counter the urban heat island effect by painting surfaces lighter colors or using concrete instead of asphalt.

20. Pavement Pavement also impacts the water cycle:
Impervious surface do not absorb water meaning less infiltration and more runoff
Reduces groundwater recharge and increases flooding
Pavement = no/less vegetation, so less evapotranspiration

21. Zoning
Urban Planning is the process of deciding how urban land will be used. Zoning is a tool for urban planning
Traditional zoning separates uses that are considered incompatible.
Zoning also regulates things like maximum housing density, number of parking spaces, minimum distances between building, requires set-backs from the street all of which can contribute to sprawl
Mixed-use zoning can cluster housing, stores, and offices in the same area to decrease sprawl and encourage walking, public transit, etc
Alhambra Zoning Maps

22. Housing Development TRADITIONAL CLUSTER Bulldoze the entire area
Build row houses on a grid
Rename streets after trees that used to be there
CLUSTER
High-density residential clusters in a compact area
Trees, streams, and animals stay put
Connected habitat wraps around housing clusters

23. Figure 23-17 23