1. 8.3 & 8.4 Acids and Bases
For health reasons, swimming pools are regularly treated with chemicals.
The effectiveness of these disinfectants depends on how acidic or basic the water is.

2. Properties of Acids and Bases
Although taste is not a safe way to classify acids and bases, you probably are familiar with the ___________ taste of acids.
sour
Fruit juice and vinegar, for example, are both aqueous solutions of acids.
Base
Bases, on the other hand, taste __________.
bitter

3. slippery soap sticky Bases have a __________ feel. Acid
Like taste, feel is not a safe chemical test for bases, but you are familiar with the feel of _________, a base, on the skin.
Acids may feel __________
slippery
Acid
soap
Base
sticky

4. Litmus Test and Other Color Changes
Acids and bases cause certain colored dyes, called _________________ to change color. The most common of these dyes is ________.
indicator
litmus
When mixed with an acid, litmus turns _______.
red
When added to a base, litmus turns ________.
blue

5. Reactions with Metals metals corrode
Another characteristic property of an acid is
that it reacts with ________ that are more active than hydrogen.
metals
This property explains why acids __________ most metals.
corrode
Bases do ____ commonly react with metals.
NOT

6. Submicroscopic Behavior of Acids
The Swedish chemist, Svante _____________ discovered that acids produce ____________ ions when dissolved in water.
Arrhenius
hydronium
A hydronium ion, ________, consists of a hydrogen ion attached to a water molecule.
H3O+ H + O H H

7. When HCl dissolves in water, it produces hydronium ions by the reaction shown below.
HCl is definitely an _________; it produces ________ when dissolved in water.
acid
H3O+ + - H H H H H Cl Cl O O +  + H

8. The reaction below also shows the ________________ of HCl
ionization
Which two substances below are ions?
H3O+
Cl- - + H H H H H Cl Cl O O +  + H

9. Acidic Hydrogen Atoms
In an acid, any hydrogen atom that can be transferred to water is called an acidic hydrogen.
To help distinguish acids from other hydrogen-containing molecules, acidic hydrogens are written __________ in the formula.
first

11. Submicroscopic Behavior of Bases
The behavior of bases is also described at the molecular level by the interaction of the base with water.
A base is a substance that produces _____________ ions, ______, when it dissolves in water.
NH3(g) + H2O ↔ NH4+(aq) OH-(aq)
hydroxide
OH- - O
base H

12. The pH Scale
pH is a mathematical scale in which the concentration of ____________ ions in a solution is expressed as a number from 0 to 14.
hydronium
pH = -log[H3O+]
Since pH is determined by the _____________ log of hydronium ions, acids are found on the _____________ end of the scale
negative
lower

13. pH of 7 is _____________
pH less than 7 is _____________
pH greater than 7 is ________________
neutral
acidic
basic

14. The concentration and strength of an acid or base are two different things
For example, adding _________ of a base to water will increase the ______________ of hydroxide ions, causing a ____________ pH value
more
concentration
higher

15. For an acid or a base to be strong, the formation of ions must be _____________
These reactions are indicated by a _______ sided arrow
complete
single

16. An acid or a base is said to be weak, when they ionize or dissociate only ______________ in water
These reactions are indicated by a _______ sided or ____________ arrow
partially
two
double

17. Question 1 Is H2SO3 an acid or a base? How do you know?
acid … H is first and releases hydronium ions when dissolved in water

18. Question 2
Identify differences between acids and bases using the table below
Acid
Base
Taste?
Touch?
Litmus Dye?
Reacts with metals?
Ions produced?
sour
bitter
sticky
slippery
red
blue
yes no
hydronium
hydroxide

19. Question 3 What is the difference between strong and weak acids/bases?
Ionize completely (single arrow)
Ionize partially
(double arrow)