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Matter and it's properties.

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Presentation on theme: "Matter and it's properties."— Presentation transcript:

1 Matter and it's properties

2 Basic Terms Matter Anything that has mass and occupies space (volume)
Properties Characteristics that distinguish one thing from another Physical Properties Characteristics of matter that DO NOT involve chemical changes Examples include: size, shape, color, & texture (sorting and separating)

3 Terms cont. Chemical properties
Characteristics of matter that DO involve chemical changes Example: BURNING

4 Physical or Chemical Wood burning: Chemical
b. plastic can be molded easily into different shapes: Physical Oil being used as a lubricant to reduce friction: Physical d. corn being eaten for nutritious reasons: Chemical e. aluminum is used b/c it’s lightweight: Physical

5 f. nickel coating is used b/c it won’t rust:
Chemical g. wool is used in clothing b/c it traps heat in: Physical h. coal is used as a fuel: Chemical

6 States of Matter There are 3 states of matter: SOLID LIQUID GAS

7 Which State of Matter? LIQUID SOLID GAS
Flows, cannot be noticeably compressed, & may have a boundary with air; molecules can change position & move past each other LIQUID Is rigid, can’t be noticeably compressed, & may have distinct boundaries; molecules are in a fixed pattern SOLID Flows, can be compressed, & has NO boundary with air; molecules are spread apart GAS

8 Boundary between 2 DIFFERENT substances
Name 3 things that are solids: ICE, GLASS, ROCK Name 3 things that are liquids: WATER, GASOLINE, MILK Name 3 things that are gases: NITROGEN, AIR, HELIUM INTERFACE: Boundary between 2 DIFFERENT substances

9 A 4th State of Matter???? PLASMA is the 4th state
2 examples of matter found in this 4th state: STARS, PLASMA SCREEN TV

10 Changes of State Cutting, grinding, boiling, melting, freezing, etc.
Physical Change change in matter that DOES NOT change the identity of matter Examples: Cutting, grinding, boiling, melting, freezing, etc. Chemical Change change in matter in which one substance is changed into another Examples: Rusting, burning

11 Signs of a Chemical Change
Color change heat given off precipitate produced Gas (bubbles) produced

12 Melting & liquefaction
Solid to liquid: Melting & liquefaction Liquid to Solid: Freezing & solidification Liquid to Gas: Evaporation, boiling, vaporization

13 Condensation & liquefaction
Gas to Liquid: Condensation & liquefaction Solid to Gas: Sublimation & Vaporization Gas to Solid: Solidification, sublimation, & crystallization

14 The Metric System Meters (m) Liters (L) Grams (g)
Length is measured in: Meters (m) Volume is measured in: Liters (L) Mass is measured in: Grams (g)

15 Converting in the Metric System
Kilo- Hecto- Deca- Unit Deci- Centi- Milli- K h da m, L, g d c m 1,000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 use the following acronym to help remember the order: Kings Humans Dragons (unit) dog cat mouse

16 Practice with the metric system
5 kg = 65 L = 25.4 dg = .369 dag = 753 hg = 57.2 dm = 12.6 dam = .097 L = 5,000,000 mg 6,500 cL 2.54 g 369 cg 75.3 kg km 1.26 hm 9.7 cL

17 Measuring Matter Volume the amount of space occupied by matter
it IS a property of all matter we use a GRADUATED CYLINDER to measure volume solids and gases BOTH take up space

18 The Displacement Method
used when determining volume of irregularly shaped objects it works by: submerging a solid in water & measure the amount of water that the solid displaces Do you think you can use this for substances that dissolve in water? NO

19 Volume True or False TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE (1000mL) F FALSE TRUE
No 2 objects can occupy the same space at the same time A piece of modeling clay has a larger volume when it’s rolled flat than when it’s rolled in a ball The volume of sugar can be determined by the displacement method One liter is exactly 500 mL An appropriate unit for measuring shampoo is a liter Gases do not occupy space A solid object with a volume of 1L will displace 1000mL of water It is more appropriate to buy gasoline by the milliliter than by the liter TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE (1000mL) F FALSE TRUE FALSE

20 MASS So, in order: 0.5hg, 2dag, 18g, 1000mg
A measure of the amount of matter in an object We use a TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE to measure mass Arrange the following masses from largest to smallest: 18g, 2dag, 0.5hg, 1000mg Converting to grams: 18g = 18 g, 2 dag = 20g, 0.5hg = 50g, and 1000mg = 1g So, in order: 0.5hg, 2dag, 18g, 1000mg

21 Would it be reasonable to measure the mass of an elephant in milligrams?
NO WHICH UNIT? To measure the distance to China To measure the width of the MS River To measure the volume of a penny km m mL

22 DENSITY A measurable physical property that can be found by dividing the mass of an object by its volume


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