1. Matter
and it's properties

2. Basic Terms Matter Anything that has mass and occupies space (volume)
Properties
Characteristics that distinguish one thing from another
Physical Properties
Characteristics of matter that DO NOT involve chemical changes
Examples include: size, shape, color, & texture (sorting and separating)

3. Terms cont. Chemical properties
Characteristics of matter that DO involve chemical changes
Example:
BURNING

4. Physical or Chemical Wood burning: Chemical
b. plastic can be molded easily into different shapes:
Physical
Oil being used as a lubricant to reduce friction:
Physical
d. corn being eaten for nutritious reasons:
Chemical
e. aluminum is used b/c it’s lightweight:
Physical

5. f. nickel coating is used b/c it won’t rust:
Chemical
g. wool is used in clothing b/c it traps heat in:
Physical
h. coal is used as a fuel:
Chemical

6. States of Matter
There are 3 states of matter:
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS

7. Which State of Matter? LIQUID SOLID GAS
Flows, cannot be noticeably compressed, & may have a boundary with air; molecules can change position & move past each other
LIQUID
Is rigid, can’t be noticeably compressed, & may have distinct boundaries; molecules are in a fixed pattern
SOLID
Flows, can be compressed, & has NO boundary with air; molecules are spread apart
GAS

8. Boundary between 2 DIFFERENT substances
Name 3 things that are solids:
ICE, GLASS, ROCK
Name 3 things that are liquids:
WATER, GASOLINE, MILK
Name 3 things that are gases:
NITROGEN, AIR, HELIUM
INTERFACE:
Boundary between 2 DIFFERENT substances

9. A 4th State of Matter???? PLASMA is the 4th state
2 examples of matter found in this 4th state:
STARS, PLASMA SCREEN TV

10. Changes of State Cutting, grinding, boiling, melting, freezing, etc.
Physical Change
change in matter that DOES NOT change the identity of matter
Examples:
Cutting, grinding, boiling, melting, freezing, etc.
Chemical Change
change in matter in which one substance is changed into another
Examples:
Rusting, burning

11. Signs of a Chemical Change
Color change
heat given off
precipitate produced
Gas (bubbles) produced

12. Melting & liquefaction
Solid to liquid:
Melting & liquefaction
Liquid to Solid:
Freezing & solidification
Liquid to Gas:
Evaporation, boiling, vaporization

13. Condensation & liquefaction
Gas to Liquid:
Condensation & liquefaction
Solid to Gas:
Sublimation & Vaporization
Gas to Solid:
Solidification, sublimation, & crystallization

14. The Metric System Meters (m) Liters (L) Grams (g)
Length is measured in:
Meters (m)
Volume is measured in:
Liters (L)
Mass is measured in:
Grams (g)

15. Converting in the Metric System
Kilo-
Hecto-
Deca-
Unit
Deci-
Centi-
Milli- K h da
m, L, g d c m
1,000
100 10 1
0.1
0.01
0.001
use the following acronym to help remember the order:
Kings Humans Dragons (unit) dog cat mouse

16. Practice with the metric system
5 kg =
65 L =
25.4 dg =
.369 dag =
753 hg =
57.2 dm =
12.6 dam =
.097 L =
5,000,000 mg
6,500 cL
2.54 g
369 cg
75.3 kg km
1.26 hm
9.7 cL

17. Measuring Matter Volume the amount of space occupied by matter
it IS a property of all matter
we use a GRADUATED CYLINDER to measure volume
solids and gases BOTH take up space

18. The Displacement Method
used when determining volume of irregularly shaped objects
it works by: submerging a solid in water & measure the amount of water that the solid displaces
Do you think you can use this for substances that dissolve in water? NO

19. Volume True or False TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE (1000mL) F FALSE TRUE
No 2 objects can occupy the same space at the same time
A piece of modeling clay has a larger volume when it’s rolled flat than when it’s rolled in a ball
The volume of sugar can be determined by the displacement method
One liter is exactly 500 mL
An appropriate unit for measuring shampoo is a liter
Gases do not occupy space
A solid object with a volume of 1L will displace 1000mL of water
It is more appropriate to buy gasoline by the milliliter than by the liter
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE (1000mL) F
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE

20. MASS So, in order: 0.5hg, 2dag, 18g, 1000mg
A measure of the amount of matter in an object
We use a TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE to measure mass
Arrange the following masses from largest to smallest: 18g, 2dag, 0.5hg, 1000mg
Converting to grams: 18g = 18 g, 2 dag = 20g, 0.5hg = 50g, and 1000mg = 1g
So, in order: 0.5hg, 2dag, 18g, 1000mg

21. Would it be reasonable to measure the mass of an elephant in milligrams?NO
WHICH UNIT?
To measure the distance to China
To measure the width of the MS River
To measure the volume of a penny km m mL

22. DENSITY
A measurable physical property that can be found by dividing the mass of an object by its volume