1. Slide 19-1 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Operating Systems: A Modern Perspective, Chapter 19

2. Slide 19-2 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Operating Systems: A Modern Perspective, Chapter 19 19 Design Strategies

3. Slide 19-3 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Operating Systems: A Modern Perspective, Chapter 19 Software Organization Application Software Application Software Other System Software Other System Software Other OS Functions Kernel Functions Application Software Application Software Other System Software Other System Software Other OS Functions Nucleus Functions Application Software Application Software Other System Software Other System Software Other OS Functions Nucleus Functions Application Software Application Software Other System Software Other System Software Other OS Functions Skeletal Nucleus Nucleus Functions (a) Monolithic (b) Modular (c) Extensible(d) Layered

4. Slide 19-4 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Operating Systems: A Modern Perspective, Chapter 19 Figure 19 2: OS Function Organization Processor(s)Main MemoryDevices Process & Resource Manager Memory Manager Device Manager File Manager

5. Slide 19-5 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Operating Systems: A Modern Perspective, Chapter 19 Function Interactions Scheduler IPC Process/Thread Admin Synchronization Memory Allocation Virtual Memory File Management Device Management Resource Management Deadlock Management Protection Mechanisms Interrupt Handler

6. Slide 19-6 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Operating Systems: A Modern Perspective, Chapter 19 Multiple OS Policies on a Single Hardware Architecture OS Policy Implementation OS Policy Implementation OS Policy Implementation OS Policy Implementation OS Policy Implementation OS Policy Implementation … Extensible Kernel Hardware Virtual Machine Interface Popularized in IBM VM Approach is used in Windows NT Subsystems

7. Slide 19-7 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Operating Systems: A Modern Perspective, Chapter 19 OS Policy Implementation OS Policy Implementation Porting an OS to Different Architectures Hardware Architecture 1 Hardware Architecture 1 Hardware Architecture 2 Hardware Architecture 2 Hardware Architecture N Hardware Architecture N … Extensible Kernel Architecture Adaptor Used in Windows NT Technology Used in Linux (sort of …)

8. Slide 19-8 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Operating Systems: A Modern Perspective, Chapter 19 Mach Microkernel-based OS BSD 4.3 Implementation BSD 4.3 Implementation OSF/1 Implementation OSF/1 Implementation OS Policy Implementation OS Policy Implementation … Mach Microkernel (Tasks, Threads, Ports, …) Mach Microkernel (Tasks, Threads, Ports, …) Hardware Mach Kernel Interface RT-Mach Implementation RT-Mach Implementation

9. Slide 19-9 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Operating Systems: A Modern Perspective, Chapter 19 Transferring Large Messages in Accent Sender … Senders Page Table Receiver … Receivers Page Table Message Object Message Object send(receiver, …);

10. Slide 19-10 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Operating Systems: A Modern Perspective, Chapter 19 Kernel-Based Page Replacement Page Replacement Page Replacement Fault Handler Fault Handler MMU Processor Secondary Memory Page Frame 0 Page Frame 1 … … Kernel Space New Page Load page Page Fault Update Map Virtual Address Physical Address Primary Memory

11. Slide 19-11 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Operating Systems: A Modern Perspective, Chapter 19 Mach Memory Page Replacement Page Replacement Page Replacement Fault Handler Fault Handler MMU Processor Secondary Memory Page Frame 0 Page Frame 1 … … New Page Kernel Space Load page Page Fault Update Map Virtual Address Physical Address Primary Memory The replacement policy can be specified by a user space program

12. Slide 19-12 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Operating Systems: A Modern Perspective, Chapter 19 Binding Memory Objects Mem Obj Manager Mem Obj Manager Kernel Mem Obj Mgr Kernel Mem Obj Mgr Kernel Space Conventional Page Objects User Space Application User Space Application Virtual Address Arbitrary Object

13. Slide 19-13 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Operating Systems: A Modern Perspective, Chapter 19 The CHORUS Microkernel and Servers Sys V UNIX Implementation Sys V UNIX Implementation COOL Implementation COOL Implementation OS Policy Implementation OS Policy Implementation … Chorus Microkernel (Actors, Threads, Ports, …) Chorus Microkernel (Actors, Threads, Ports, …) Hardware CHORUS Kernel Interface RT-OS Implementation RT-OS Implementation