1. The occipitofrontalis muscle is composed of two physiologically and anatomically different muscles separately affecting the positions of the eyebrow and hairline 
Hideo Kushima, Kiyoshi Matsuo, Shunshuke Yuzuriha, Takeshi Kitazawa, Tetsuji Moriizumi 
British Journal of Plastic Surgery 
Volume 58, Issue 5, Pages (July 2005)
DOI: /j.bjps
Copyright © 2005 The British Association of Plastic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Different concepts of the galea aponeurotica. (A) The commonly held concept of the galea aponeurotica. The temporoparietal fascia (TPF) is included in the galea aponeurotica. (B) The galea aponeurotica as revealed by our results. The occipital belly changes into the galea aponeurotica and inserts onto the underside of the frontal belly. The superficial fascia changes into the temporoparietal fascia (TPF), which ends at the superior end of the frontal belly. (C) Schematic drawing of the superficial and deep musculoaponeurotic systems. TPF, temporoparietal fascia; STA, superficial temporal artery.
British Journal of Plastic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.bjps )
Copyright © 2005 The British Association of Plastic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Changes in the eyebrow and hairline positions before and after correction of aponeurotic blepharoptosis or blepharoplasty. (A) Before and after correction of severe aponeurotic blepharoplasty in an 80-year-old woman. (B) Before and after correction of moderate aponeurotic blepharoplasty in a 52-year-old woman. (C) Before and after correction of mild aponeurotic blepharoplasty in a 25-year-old man. (D) Before and after common blepharoplasty in a 21-year-old woman.
British Journal of Plastic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.bjps )
Copyright © 2005 The British Association of Plastic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
The average electromyographic value of the frontal and occipital bellies.
British Journal of Plastic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.bjps )
Copyright © 2005 The British Association of Plastic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Macroscopic views of the occipitofrontalis muscle and the galea aponeurotica. (A) The laterally developed type of frontal belly shows no muscle fibers in the metopic portion (*). (B) The generally developed type of frontal belly shows well-developed muscle fibers also in the metopic portion (**). (C) The occipital belly originates from halfway along the highest nuchal line in this cadaver. (D) The superficial fascia (SF) of the scalp on the occipital belly changes into the temporoparietal fascia (TPF). The superficial fascia is turned over on the temporoparietal fascia (←→).
British Journal of Plastic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.bjps )
Copyright © 2005 The British Association of Plastic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Microscopic views of the occipitofrontalis muscle and the galea aponeurotica. (A) The occipital belly (OB) changes into the galea aponeurotica beneath the superficial fascia (SF) (Azan stain; ×4). SG, subgaleal fascia. (B) The temporoparietal fascia (TPF) ends at the superior end of the frontal belly (FB) and disappears from the surface of the frontal muscle. The galea aponeurotica (G) inserts onto the underside of the frontal belly (FB) (Azan stain; ×4). STA, superficial temporal artery.
British Journal of Plastic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.bjps )
Copyright © 2005 The British Association of Plastic Surgeons Terms and Conditions