1. Xiamenmycin Attenuates Hypertrophic Scars by Suppressing Local Inflammation and the Effects of Mechanical Stress 
Xiao-Jin Liu, Min-Juan Xu, Si-Teng Fan, Zheng Wu, Jun Li, Xiao-Mei Yang, Ya-Hui Wang, Jun Xu, Zhi-Gang Zhang 
Journal of Investigative Dermatology 
Volume 133, Issue 5, Pages (May 2013)
DOI: /jid
Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Xiamenmycin attenuates hypertrophic scar formation in a mechanical stretch-induced mouse model. (a, b) Images of scars and Picrosirius red staining sections at day 14 post incision. (a) Bar=2.5mm; (b) bar=200μm. The dashed lines indicate the scar borders. (c, d) Gross scar area and scar elevation index (SEI) of xiamenmycin- and DMSO-treated mice. n=5. Values are denoted as means±SD. *P<0.05, **P<0.01. (e) Images indicating the measurement of SEI at day 14 post incision. “D” indicates the scar thickness, and “d” indicates the thickness of adjacent normal skin. SEI is the ratio of D/d. (f) Images show the collagen structure in xiamenmycin- and DMSO-treated mice scar. The collagen whorl is indicated by a black rectangle. Bar=10μm.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /jid )
Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Xiamenmycin reduces retention of inflammatory cells and adhesion between human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) cells and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). (a) Immunohistochemical staining of CD4- or MOMA2-positive cells in DMSO- or xiamenmycin-treated scar tissue of post-incision day 14. Arrowheads indicate the positive cells. Bar=50μm. (b) Quantification of CD4- or MOMA2-positive cells of post-incision days 14 and 28. n=5. Values are means±SD. **P<0.01. (c) Representative images of adhesion assays. Green spots are calcein AM-labeled adherent THP-1 cells. Bar=50μm. (d) Quantification of adherent THP-1 cells. n=3. Values are means±SEM. *P<0.05. (e) Total protein level of HDFs after treating with 0, 5, 10, and 30μgml−1 xiamenmycin for 3 days. n=3. Values are means±SEM.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /jid )
Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Xiamenmycin inhibits human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation. (a, b) Immunohistochemical staining and quantification of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells in scar tissue of post-incision days 14 and 28. Bar=25μm. n=5. Values are denoted as means±SD. *P<0.05, **P<0.01. (c) HDF proliferation was assessed by the CCK-8 method. Optical density (OD) values were measured after treating with xiamenmycin (30μgml−1) or DMSO (0.01%) for 0, 2, 4, or 6 days. n=3. Values are denoted as means±SEM. **P<0.01.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /jid )
Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Xiamenmycin inhibits fibroblast activation. (a, b) Immunohistochemistry staining and quantification of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive cells in scar tissue treated with DMSO or xiamenmycin at days 14 and 28 post incision. Bar=50μm. n=5. Values are means±SD. **P<0.01. (c) Immunofluorescence cell staining for α-SMA and F-actin in cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) after incubation with xiamenmycin (30μgml−1) or DMSO (0.01%) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) (2ngml−1) for 48hours and 72hours. α-SMA is shown by red fluorescence, and F-actin is shown by green fluorescence. Bar=50μm. Images are representative of three independent experiments, each showing similar results. (d, e) Protein levels of α-SMA after incubation with xiamenmycin (0, 5, 10, and 30μgml−1) and TGF-β1 (2ngml−1) for 12hours. n=3. Values are denoted as means±SEM. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /jid )
Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Xiamenmycin attenuates the contractile ability of human dermal fibroblast (HDFs) in 3D collagen gels. (a, b) Representative images and quantification of collagen gel contraction after treatment with xiamenmycin (0, 5, 10, 30μgml−1) for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6hours. The white spots outline the gels. n=3. Values are denoted as means±SEM. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /jid )
Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

7. Figure 6
Xiamenmycin downregulates the phosphorylation levels of kinases involved in mechanotransduction. (a) Levels of phosphorylated FAK, Akt, p38, JNK, and Erk1/2 after treatment with xiamenmycin (30μgml−1) for 0, 0.5, 2, 6, or 12hours were detected in in vitro cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). (b) Levels of phosphorylated FAK, Akt, p38, JNK, and Erk1/2 after treatment with xiamenmycin (0, 5, 10, or 30μgml−1) for 12hours were detected in in vitro cultured HDFs. (c) Levels of active and total RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1 were detected by pull down assays after incubation with xiamenmycin (30μgml−1) for 2hours. n=3. Values are denoted as means±SEM. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /jid )
Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions