1. By: Eric DeKeyzer, Kacie Kabela, Steven Phelps, and Stephanie Phelps
Sleep Disorders
By: Eric DeKeyzer, Kacie Kabela, Steven Phelps, and Stephanie Phelps

2. Jet Lag
Cause by the mismatch between the body’s internal circadian rhythm and the phase of the local nychthemeral time.
1/3 of people do not seem to be affected. It can range in severity from mild to strong.
Symptoms last for a few days and include sleep disturbance, daytime tiredness, reduced concentration, slower reaction time, irritability, and general disorientation.

3. Jet Lag It can contribute to “travel paranoia”
When traveling eastward there is difficulty falling asleep, and when traveling westward there is early awakenings.
Jet lag is greater when traveling east than west.

4. Jet Lag
Take 1 recovery day for each time zone crossed west and 1 and ½ days when east. The occurs because the circadian rhythm insists on delaying rather than advancing.
Keep to the times of the area, such as eating, sleeping, and generally being active.
Melatonin can also help.

5. Daylight Savings Time Spring ahead (spring) vs. fall back (fall)
Lose one hour of sleep
Sleep deprivation
Change in sleep patterns
Affects Circadian Rhythm

6. Snoring
Results of the narrowing of the air passages during sleep, allowing the soft palate to vibrate
Results in low oxygen levels and high blood pressure
Worsened by obesity, alcohol, smoking
Not all people who snore have sleep apnea, even though those who have sleep apnea snore

7. Shift Work Working anytime other than day or night
Rotating between working during the day and at other time

8. Shift Work Difficulties
People over 50
Morning types
Long sleepers
Those with chronic illness or sleep disorder
Average shift workers get 5-7 hours less of sleep a week

9. Sources of Problems Poor quality and quantity of sleep
Disrupted circadian rhythms
Trying to sleep when circadian rhythm tells them to be awake
Just get circadian rhythms synchronized with current shift and then switch to another
Those who work permanently work the non day shift often assume a day sleep awake pattern
Domestic/Social problems
Pressure to do other things during the day than sleep

10. Poor quality and quantity
Sleep is fragmented by arousal
Results
Social isolation
57% higher divorce rates
More negative moods
More emotional problems
Higher incidence of sleeping disorders stomach and intestinal problems, and cardiovascular illness

11. Treatment Teach shift workers about good sleep hygiene
Maintain bright workplace, very dark sleeping place
Use sleeping pills if neccessary

12. Nightmares Night+mare, where mara means to crush
Frightening dream awakening the sleeper
Full alertness upon awakening
Moderate increase in heart rate and breathing rate
Usually occur 10 minutes into a REMS episode during last half of sleep period

13. Bad Dreams (Anxiety Dreams)
The person does not awaken during dreams, but recalls the disturbing content upon awakening later
Important factor is whether the nightmare or bad dream has a negative effect on waking life, not whether the person is awakened during the experience

14. Bad Dreams cont. Frequent between 3 and 8 years of age
Mostly reported during times of crisis, loss, and trauma.

15. Night Terrors
Child partially arouses suddenly from SWS and emits a piercing scream, which they’re sitting up.
Eyes may be wide
Racing heart
Breathing rapidly
Little or no recall the next morning

16. PTSD Nightmares Repetitive re-experiencing of traumatic event
Occur during any sleep stage and more likely in early night.
Cause of sleep disruption including more awakenings, fear of sleep, and various changes in REM.
Person is confused and anxious but not always remember the entire nightmare.

17. Sleep Talking Lasts for a few seconds
Occur during stage 2 and only 10-20% during REMS
It tends to occur more frequently among related family members, but is considered benign and therefore not treated.

18. Sleep Walking
Begins during SWS, not REMS, typically occurs in the first half of the night.
Results in little if any dream recall and can induce in the predisposed by forced arousal
Best thing is for the child to grow out of it.
Reduce things that trigger events, such as stress and sleep deprivation

19. Sleep Walking cont. If extreme: Psychological treatment
Relaxation therapy
Stress management skills
Hypnosis
Medications

20. Bedwetting
Parents control by trying several training methods involving gentle alarms
Can be indicated as psychological and neurological problems