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The Ablative Case and prepositional phrases
Latin I, Stage 14, part 2 The Ablative Case and prepositional phrases
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Let’s start with the basics…
A preposition is a part of speech that describes one noun’s relationship with another. In short, they are “anywhere a cat can go:” In Onto On In front of Over Behind Under Towards Near Away from Around Down from Into About
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Latin uses these, just like English
in- in/on; into/onto sub-under de -down from, about sine -without cum -with prope -near post -after, behind pro -in front of a/ab -away from, by e/ex -out of There are more, but here are the ones we will see in our stories the most.
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But what about CASE? We all know that in Latin, a noun will be in different cases depending on how it is used in a sentence. Prepositions work the same way. In a sentence like: Metella cum Melissā ambulat How do we know that it is “with Melissa” and not “with Metella”? Because Metella and Melissā are in different cases!
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CASE, cont. Notice that long line over the –a in Melissā.
Many prepositions take the accusative case, but there is a subset, like cum, that use a new case… The ABLATIVE! This is an extremely common case.
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These particular prepositions require nouns in the ABLATIVE:
Sub In De Sine Pro a/ab Cum e/ex Latin uses a silly mnemonic device to help you remember these.
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SID SPACE, the ablative astronaut
Sub In De Sine Pro A/ab Cum E/ex
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What this means… Anything you are Will be in the ABLATIVE case. With
In/on Under Down from/concerning Without In front of Away from Out of Will be in the ABLATIVE case.
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The endings īs ABLATIVE ā e Nominative a Us/er -------- Genitive ae ī
case 1st declension 2nd declension 3rd declension Nominative a Us/er Genitive ae ī is Dative ō Accusative am um em ABLATIVE ā e Plurals es xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ibus ās ōs īs
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