1. Combinations of atoms
Bonds

2. Bonding Combination of atoms by their outer electrons
All atoms want to keep the outermost energy level full
There are 2 main types of bonding between atoms:
Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds

3. Covalent Bonds Very strong bonds
Electrons from one atom are shared with electrons from another atom
An example is H2O
The Hydrogen has 1 electron each
The Oxygen has 6 electrons on its outer level
The electrons from the Hydrogen's are shared with the 6 from the oxygen

4. Covalent Bonds

5. Ionic Bonds Weaker than Covalent bonds
Electrons are transferred from one atom to another
The loss or gain of electrons creates an ION
Example is NaCl (table Salt)
Na has 1 electron on it’s outer level
Cl has 7 electrons on it’s outer level
The Na gives up it’s electron to the Cl

6. Ionic Bonds

7. Combinations of atoms Compound Molecule Mixture Solution
A substance that is made of different types of atoms with an ionic bond
(ex. NaCl)
Molecule
A group of atoms with covalent bonds and no charge
(ex H2O)
Mixture
A combination of substances mixed together that do not change chemically
(bag of pencils/Pens)
Solution
A mixture of substances that are evenly spread out within each other
( ex Kool Aid)

8. Solutions In solutions there is a liquid and a solid
The liquid is called the solvent
The solid(s) are called the solute
Ex. Kool-Aid
Water is the Solvent
Sugar is a solute
Kool-Aid mix is a solute

9. Polymer Structure
Polymers are groups of smaller subunits bonded together
These subunits are made of small carbon chains
At the end of each small chain is an H- or an OH- which keeps the smaller chains together

10. Polymer Structure

11. Polymer Construction & Destruction
Polymer formation
Condensation
Removal of a water to bond 2 subunits
Polymer break down
Hydrolysis
Addition of a water to break the bonds between subunits

12. Condensation

13. Hydrolysis

14. Assignment
Text pg 34