1. Greek Political Systems and Greek Wars
Unit 12

2. Monday, March 9
Welcome!
Take out a blank sheet of paper and answer the following prompt in three paragraphs, seven sentences each:
Considering our discussion of Ancient Greek geography, describe what type of culture developed as a result of geography and why? What factors contributed to this civilization’s development as its’ specific culture? How did the geography impact the way people lived and worked?

3. Monday, March 9 Welcome! Please come in and have a seat silently.
Take out your vocabulary words and begin studying to play I Have, Who Has.

4. Cornell Notes 3/9/15 Greek Political Systems and Wars
Slide Title White

5. Early Greece
After the Minoans and the Mycenaeans (1100 BCE-800 BCE) the Greeks began to establish Ancient Greece the way we know today.
Buildings were constructed for the gods and goddesses and there was a majority oligarchy rule.
Oligarchy: form of government in which all power is held by a few people or by a dominant class or clique; government by the few. Rulers had absolute power.

6. Early Greece – Expansion
Men built and expanded city-states (think: Athens and Sparta)
City-states: Polis = city-state - considered “mini countries” that had their own rules and laws, their own currency, and their own beliefs.
City-states all started out as monarchies but they were all eventually overthrown by citizens.

7. Early Greece – Tyrants
One person of higher wealth trying to hold political power.
Power taken illegally.
They needed the support of people.
Tyrants were like kings, but they didn’t have the initial birthright to rule.

8. Early Greece – Government
Government varied from region to region.
Islands, city-states, mountains separated areas, etc.
Most areas were ruled either by a tyrant or an oligarchy.
Pericles emerges as a strong leader and speaker. He developed the idea of democracy.
Democracy: government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is held by the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected representatives under a free system.

9. Democracy – Who had Rights?
Only citizens could vote
Free men, both parents had to be from Athens (Athenian)
No women, slaves, children or people from other Greek city-states.

10. Democracy Spreads
Slowly, other city-states began to introduce democracy.
Democracy was spread to other non-Greek areas as well.
How?
The U.S. Government is based on Athenian democracy.
Trial By Jury was developed in Athens as well: a group of citizens decides if a person is innocent or guilty of committing a crime after hearing all evidence.

11. Political Theories Ideas spread city to city by debating philosophers
Think: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
Athens: Democracy (excluded were those who were women, children, and people who weren’t citizens)
Sparta: Oligarchy (ruled by only a few select people – had 2 kings)

12. Ancient Greek Wars
Peloponnesian Wars
Persian War
Trojan War

13. Ancient Greek Wars Peloponnesian Wars: 431-404 BCE
Battles named for where they were fought.
Between Athens and Sparta
Athens: democracy, education, culture, learning
Sparta: military, warriors, defense
Joined together to defeat Persian army ( BCE)

14. Ancient Greek Wars
First Peloponnesian War ( BCE) caused by Athens spreading culture and Sparta being threatened by it.
Power struggle between Athens and Sparta
At the end of the war, the Thirty Years’ Peace was declared.
Only lasted for fifteen years since Athens helped one of Sparta’s allies in another battle.
Sparta threatened war in late summer 432 BCE, but war only fought in Spring and Summer so fighting started the next year.

15. The Course of the War Constant invasions by the other for years.
Both sides claimed victories, but neither could claim overall victory.
One of Athens’ new generals helped Sparta to defeat Athens in Sicily, and Athenian government and military suffered.
Athens regained strength and continued to fight despite Sparta’s constant offerings of peace.

16. The End of the War
Eventually, Sparta (with the help of Persia) defeated Athens and blocked their main port of food (ships dock and bring food to Athenians).
Athenians began starving to death so in 404 BCE, Athens surrendered.
Athens would never regain its strength in learning or culture again (why these wars were considered a turning point in history).
Greek city-states would never again have strong power.

17. Persian War
fought by Greek states and Persia over a period of almost half a century.
fighting was most intense during two invasions that Persia launched against mainland Greece between 490 and 479
Although the Persian empire was at the peak of its strength, the collective defense mounted by the Greeks overcame seemingly impossible odds and even succeeded in liberating Greek city-states
Greek triumph ensured the survival of Greek culture and political structures long after the demise of the Persian empire.

18. Persian War
Persian kings extended their rule from the Indus River valley to the Aegean Sea
Persians gradually conquered the small Greek city-states along the coast
500 BCE the Greek city-states on the western coast of Anatolia rose up in rebellion against Persia
Uprising, known as the Ionian revolt (500–494 bc), failed, but its consequences for the mainland Greeks were momentous
Battles continued for years, but in 449 BCE the Peace of Callias finally ended the hostilities between Athens and its allies and Persia.

19. Trojan War – The Dispute
The 3 goddesses asked Zeus who was the most beautiful
Zeus refused to answer and sent them to Paris
The 3 Goddesses gave offers to Paris until he chose 1 goddess:
Hera
Promised to make him lord of Europe, and Asia
Athena
Promised he would lead the Trojans to victory and leave Greece in ruins
Aphrodite
Promised the fairest woman in all the world would be his

20. The Decision
Paris chose Aphrodite's offer, and he would receive the fairest woman in the world
Helen, Zeus’s daughter
However, Helen was already married to Menelaus, the king of Sparta and brother of Agamemnon
Menelaus went to find Helen and called upon all of Greece to help him
The Trojan War started and lasted for 10 years

21. The Greeks versus The Trojans
Greeks: Hera, Athena, Poseidon, Agamemnon, Menelaus
Trojans: Paris, Aphrodite, Ares (God of War), Apollo, Artemis, Hector, Zeus
Paris and Menelaus would fight it out alone for Helen
The war could have ended here, but Hera and Athena wanted to ruin Troy. Athena ordered a Trojan to shoot at Menelaus and the battle begins with everyone.

22. The War Continues Agamemnon wanted to sail home Hera had her plans
She would talk to Zeus in hopes that he couldn’t resist her
Zeus fell for it, and the battle turned in favor of the Greeks
Hector felt that he could not be killed, until he is found lying in the plains where Zeus finds him
Hera is blamed
At Hector’s funeral, it is described that the Illiad ends

23. The Fall of Troy
With Hector dead, Achilles knew he would die soon because his mother had predicted it
His last battle was against the King of Ethiopia, and when he is killed his body is carried out by Ajax
Ajax wanted to kill Agamemnon and Menelaus for turning the vote against him
The 3 men as well as Odysseus fought over Achilles body parts
Greece started to feel depressed by all the deaths that were occurring
Troy couldn’t fall until they were fought against with bow and arrow of Hercules

24. Taking the bow and arrows
Hercules died by Prince Philocetes
Odysseus, other Neoptolemus aka Pyrrhus (the young of Achilles) took the bow/arrows
Paris was wounded by it and wanted to go to Oenone , a nymph who was with him before he met the three goddess
She knew a drug that could help him
He always forgot about her and therefore she didn’t help him
He died and she later killed herself

25. False security
***Although Troy had lost Paris it was okay because as long as they had Palladium, Troy couldn’t be taken
10 years past and troy was as strong as ever. The Greeks came up with the plan to make a wooden horse… the others stayed people of Greeks near the island so they could sail home
The Trojans had false security when they heard only silence and all but one of the Greek ships were gone.

26. Greece wins
Priest Laocoon feared the horse because it had come from Greece
The Greeks hoped the Trojans would try to destroy it causing Athena’s anger upon them
They brought it to the temple of Athena and in the middle of the night everyone returned to their houses
Aphrodite was the only god who helped a Trojan. She helped Helen and gave her to Menelaus, they sailed to Greece
Troy was gone, Greece ships awaited.
**you’ve finished! Yay!

27. Kahoot Directions
You are going to create your own 10-question Kahoot based on either Ancient Greek geography OR Ancient Greek political systems and wars.
Your questions must be multiple choice.
Your questions must be appropriate (we may use your quiz for review).
Your questions must relate to the material.
You may work independently or with ONE partner.