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Chapter 11
Young Adulthood
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Key Terms
ectopic pregnancy
exercise
hysterectomy
intimacy
intimate partner violence (IPV)
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
physical activity
postformal operational thought
sexually transmitted disease (STD)
structure
testicular self-examination (TSE)
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Key Terms (cont.)
transitional phase
vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC)
young adulthood
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Definition
20 and 40 years of age
Early adulthood
Legal age of adulthood in the United States is18 years of age
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Developmental Tasks
Erickson: intimacy versus isolation
Achieve the tasks of becoming self-supportive, acquiring independence, developing intimate relationships, and establishing a stable family and lifestyle
Developmental process from adolescence to adulthood is most often a gradual one
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6. Physiological Changes
Physical health, motor coordination, and physiological performance typically peak between the ages of 20 and 30
Epiphyses of the long bones fuse by the early twenties
Muscular strength is at its peak
Heart and lungs are also at their peak capacity
See Health Promotion
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Physical Activity
Should perform at least 2.5 hours of moderately intense aerobic exercise every week
Muscle-strengthening activities
Exercises involving balance and coordination
Major causes of death in young adulthood are most often related to accidents or violence, both of which often are preventable
See Table 11-1 and Figure 11-3.
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Women's Health
Women influence a generation of children to practice good health habits and to choose healthy lifestyles
Education and access to care have increased
Women’s Health clinics and specialists
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Pregnancy
Prenatal care
Ectopic pregnancy
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Sexually transmitted diseases
Hysterectomy
Annual Papanicoluaou (Pap) smears
Breast Self-Examination
See Box 11-1.
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10. Stress, Coping, and Domestic Violence
Multiple roles can contribute to stress and the potential development of depression or anxiety
Violent behavior against women
Intimate partner violence
See Figure 11-5 and Box 11-2.
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Men's Health
May be at a higher risk for injury
Seek health care or guidance less frequently than women
Testicular self-examination
Free clinics for STD testing and treatment
Health and fitness clubs
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12. Psychosocial Development
Schools play significant roles in helping the adolescent prepare for the developmental tasks and challenges of young adulthood
Multiple developmental tasks and challenges
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Intimacy
One of the major tasks of young adulthood
Ability to develop a warm, trusting, honest relationship with another person
Lack of a clear sense of identity may contribute to isolation
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Cognitive Ability
Intellectual and creative skills and abilities peak
Piaget believed that the development of the formal operation of thinking extends into adulthood
Postformal operational thought
Levinson described four seasons of life
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Moral Reasoning
Enhanced by life experiences in an adult role or a college milieu
Taking responsibility for the care of others, handling the differing points of view of others, and understanding how their own actions affect others
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Sexuality
Identity and cognitive function have reached the level that allows intimate sharing
Influenced by culture, customs, and environment
May be more difficult or delayed if relationship with parents did not produce a healthy, secure attachment
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Marriage
Most often occurs during the young-adult phase of the life cycle
May be postponed to pursue higher education in college or to establish their career
Often select partners who are similar to themselves
Partner choice is thought to be based on a three-stage process
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Parenting
Not all adults achieve or desire marriage and family
Most proactive development of parental skills begins at the time conception is confirmed
Healthy parenting styles can be easily learned
See Table 11-2.
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Teaching Techniques
Successful learning for adults always involves relating the information they are learning to the appropriate developmental tasks they are experiencing
Should be interactive, problem oriented, and related to daily psychosocial tasks at work, home, or school
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